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south Indian classical music depends to a greater extent on
fixed compositions
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when a kriti is performed by an instrumentalist,
the text is not sung.
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Many existing kriti were composed over 100 years ago -- they have a tradition of ________ like we do in the West.
“great masters”
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is a song, with text
kriti
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Kritis are generally
devotional songs
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The structure of a kriti comprises three parts or “verses”
- pallavi,
- anupallavi,
- charanam
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the key point of a kritis is that performers utilize this composed piece of music as a basis for
numerous improvisations.
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In fact, ICM is practically never performed without
improvisation!
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There are different types of improvisation that performers may choose to add to a kriti:
- • Improvisation for melodic players only; the drums are silent during these types ofimprovisation
- • Improvisation for melodic players, accompanied by drumming (happens withinthe context of a piece)
- • Improvisation for drummers (aka, ‘drum solo’). During a drum solo, the melodicplayer(s) are silent
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is a type of melodic improvisation; only melodic players will do it.
Alapana
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Performing an alapana allows a melodic performer to showcase not only their knowledge of the ,
raga*
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Characteristics of alapana
- 1. performed in free rhythm (no pulse or beat)
- 2. no percussion accompaniment
- 3. always appears at the beginning of a kriti performance, before the actual kritiitself has been played!
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A second style of melodic improvisation that occurs prior to the presentation of the kriti itself is called .
tanam
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Tanam is like alapana, except that tanam is performed
to a pulse or beat.
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Once the performers begin to play the actual krit itself, the time cycle (_____)begins, and the drummers will enter.
tala
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After the presentation of the kriti itself, theplayers may choose to add further improvisation types:
- o Niraval is a type of melodic improvisation which is based on melodicphrases from the kriti composition.
- o Svarakalpana is melodic improvisation in which a vocalist sings Indianscale syllables (sa, ri, ga…similar to the Western “do”, “re”, “mi”) insteadof text.
- o Drummers may play a solo. If so, they must work within or abide by themetric cycle (the tala) that has been established.
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After exploring various types of improvisation, the players often return to the _______ as a way of closing the piece out.
pallavi (the ‘top’ of the piece)
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