The flashcards below were created by user
studysuccess
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
the conversion of one form of energy to another
transduction
-
small local electrical charge on a receptor cell brought about by a stimulus
receptor potential
-
a subjective awareness of the stimulus
sensation
-
sensory recpetors transmit 4 kinds of information
modality, location, intensity, duration
-
modality is
a type of stimulus or sensation sensory receptors transmit. (taste, hearing, vision)
-
location is
encoded by which nerve fibers are firing (receptor field: area within which a sensory neuron detects stimuli).
-
Intensity is encoded in which 3 ways
- 1) which fibers are sending singnals
- 2) how many fibers are sending signals
- 3) rate these fibers are firing
-
duration is
how long the stimulus lasts
-
3 somatosensory projection pathways
- 1) first-order neuron
- 2) second order neuron
- 3) third order neuron
-
name 3 pain receptors
- 1) Nociceptors
- 2) somatic pain
- 3) visceral pain
-
Name a CNS modulation of pain
endogenous opioids
-
what's the outer layer of the eye called
tunica fibrosa
-
- a) conrea
- b) aqueous humor
- c) lens
- d) vitreous body
-
Neural components of the eye
retina and optic nerve
-
Inner rear lining of the eye
retina
-
where's the blind spot
optic dist (anterior end of optic nerve)
-
When Lense fibers darken with age, fluid-filled bubbles and clefts filled with debris appear between the fibers. This is called?
cataract
-
Iris diameter is controlled by 2 sets of contractile elements
pupillary constrictor and pupillary dialator
-
state in which eye is relaxed and focused on an object more than 6 m (20 ft) away
emmetropia
-
adjustment to close-range vision requires three processes
- 1)convergence of eyes
- 2) Constriction of eyes
- 3) Accommodation of lens
-
name a type of cell that is a first order neuron
bipolar cell
-
name a cell that is a second order neuron
ganglion cell
-
what produces visual images
only rods and cones for this class
-
what absorbs light and generate a chemical or electrical signal
photoreceptor cells
-
pupil response to light and dark
light=constrict, dark=dialate
-
what causes color blindness
lack of cones sensitive to certain colors
-
depth perception is called
stereoscopic vision
-
what do retinal ganglion form in the eye
their axons form the optic nerve
-
what form the optic radiation of fibers in the white matter of the cerebrum
third order neurons
-
A sensory response to vibrating air molecules_
hearing
-
the sense of motion, body orientation, and balance
equalibrium
-
2 senses reside in the inner ear, a maze of fluid filled passages and sensory cells
hearing and equalibrium
-
___ is a funnel for conducting vibrations to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
outer ear
-
structure that –directs sound down the auditory canal
auricle (pinna)
-
–passage leading through temporal bone to tympanic membrane
_auditory canal_(external acoustic meatus)
-
name for eardrum
_tympanic membran
-
Part of the ear that Vibrates freely in response to sound
tympanic membrane_(eardrum)
-
–Auditory tube connects middle-ear to nasopharynx
(_eustachian)
-
3 parts of the –Auditory ossicles
Malleus, Icus, Staples
-
what's the semicircular duct
circular loop part of inner ear
-
he hair bundle is composed of stiff microvilli called___ is involved with mechanoreceptionof sound waves.
stereocilium
-
our sense of whether a sound is “high” or “low”
pitch
-
the perception of sound energy, intensity, or amplitude of the vibration
loudness
-
1) the perception of the orientation of the head when the body is stationary
2) coordination, balance, and orientation in three-dimensional space
3) perception of motion or acceleration
1) static equalibrium
2) equalibrium
3) Dynamic equalibrium
-
1) Sensorineural (nerve) deafness is called
2) –: conditions interfere with _transmission of vibrations_to inner ear
- 1) Sensorineural (nerve) deafness:
- 2) Conductive deafness_deafness:
-
Ottis media_
middle ear infection
-
little branch like things coming off the olfactory bulb
olfactory nerves
-
(taste)—sensation that begins with action of chemical stimulants(tastants) on taste buds
gustation
-
–Have tuft of apical microvilli_ (taste hairs) that serve as receptor surface for taste molecules
-what are they made of
taste cells, made of epithelial cells not neurons
-
–Stem cells that replace taste cells every 7-10 days are called
basal cells
-
–Resemble taste cells without taste hairs, synaptic vesicles, or sensory role are called
supporting cells
-
5 primary taste sensations
umami (meat) salty, sweet, sour, bitter (coffee)
-
2 mechanisms of action for taste
active second-messanger system and depolarize cell directly
-
how do we get a conscious sense of taste
fibers reach the medula oblongata->
hypothalamus & amygdala->
thalamus->
cerebrum
|
|
