Science

A shaking of Earth's crust caused by a release of energey .

- The strain that builds up along faults at or near boundaries between lithospheric plates.

A break in the lithosphere along which movement has occured.

The point at which the first movement occurs during an earthquake and the point at which rock beginsto move or break. It is where the earthquake originates and is usually many km beneath the surface.

The point on earth's surface directly above the focus.

Waves that travel from the focus of an eartquake through Earth

The body waves known as compressional waves, primary waves, squeeze and stretch rock materials as they pass through Earth. Can travel through any material.

The body waves called shear waves, secondary waves cause particles of rock material to move right angles to the dircetion in which the waves are traveling. Can travel through solid material, but not through liquids or gases.

Earthquake waves that travel along earth's surface. Produced when Pwaves and S waves reach Earth's surface.

A type of surface wave. Cause particles of materials to move from side to side, in a direction perpendicular to the waves' direction of travel.

A type of surface wave. Travel more slowly than Love waves and cause particles of material to move in elliptical patterns.

An instrument that detects and records waves produced by earthquakes that may have originated hundreds of km away

A record sheet that is placed on a drum attached to the base.

A measure of the amount of energy in an earthquake, (strength).

A scale that determines an earthquakes magnitude

Occurs when loose soil temporarily takes on some of the properties of liquid

Smaller earthquakes that follow a large earthquake.

Huge ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes and landslides.Can travel ver quickly across large expanses of water.

An area along a seismically active fault where no earthquake activity has occurred over a long period of time.

A wide belt around the side of Earth opposite the focus of the earthquake.

Boundary where the dense rock of mantle meets the less dense rock of the crust.

It separates the upper mantle from the denser lower mantle.

Force per unit area acting on a material.

Deformation of materials in response to forces acting upon them.

Fractures that form as a result of horizontal compression ----> <------

Fractures caused by horizontal tension. <---- ----->

• Fractures caused by horizontal shear. ^ /
• / \/