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Dilemmas of definitions?
- 1- mental disorders a violation of cultural standars
- 2- mental disorders as emotional disorders
- 3- mental disorders as behavior that can harm oneself or others
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Ethnic identity?
close identity with religious or ethnic group
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Accukturation?
identification with the dominant cukture
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ethnocentrism?
belief that your culture is superior to others
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stereotype
summary impression of a group of people in which all members of the group share a trait or traits
ex : cheerleaders jocks nerds
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robbers cave experiment
- eagles vs rattlers
- not friends with other group
- worked together for common goal
- after the frienships mingled
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prejudice?
negative stereotype
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hostile sexism?
active dislike toward women
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benevolent sexism
positive attitude put women on a pedestal but still reinforces women's subordinance
ex: barefoot and pregnant at hom ein the kitchen
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how can we reduce prejudice?
- 1- equal legal status and economic power
- 2- moral legal and economic support for both
- 3- work and socialize together
- 4- cooperate towards one common goal
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What are the three causes of prejudice?
- 1- fear and doubt
- 2- social / cultural group think [friends, family, associates]
- 3- economic wealthy vs poor
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D.S.M?
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
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DSM problems?
- 1-"overdiagnosing" [ADHD ex. fastest growing disorder diagnosed 10 times more in US than in europe]
- 2-power of label [ excuses for behavior, rather than fixing the problem "oh he has bipolar so its ok to ohave manic states"]
- 3-confusion [everyday problems being compared to actual disorders]
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Mental disorder - emotional distress
own depression anxiety incapacitating fear or problems with drugs
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mental disorder - violation of culture
hearing voice of a dead loved one is not ok and is considered crazy in USA but is normal in chinese culture
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mental behavior - distructive or harmful
- -afraid of crowds > stay home
- -drink too much > cant hold a job
- -sever anxiety over a test > cant take the test [F]
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illusion of universiality and objectivity
group concensess for DSM rather than actual evidence
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projective tests?
consist of ambigious pics sentences stories that the test taker interprets
ex: rorchach ink blot test
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objective tests?
questionaire that the client takes
ex:minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
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generalized anxiety disorder?
continuous uncontrollable anxiety a feeling of foreboding and dread majority of days through out 6 month pds.
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posttraumatic stress disorder
PTSD -- tauma leaves a fear and long lasting effects. insomnia jumpiness agitation
ex war, 9/11, car accident w a death that occurs.
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panic disorder?
- recurring attacks of intenses fear or panic impending doom or death.
- losing breath cant breathe dizziness hearing gets muffled etc
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phobia?
exaggerated fear of an object or specific situation
ex: tin foil, cotton balls, plane, heights
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agoraphobia?
fear of large crowds, escape may be difficult and help could be limited if a panic attack occurs. linked to panic disorders / anxiety. person stays at home doesnt leave much. statys with trusted individual or spouse.
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OCD [obsessive compulsive disorder]
obsessions become uncontrollable and interfere with everyday life
ex true life i have OCD [death, rituals]
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depression?
major depression = serious mood disorder highs and lows, anti social. sleeps a lot. something bad is going to happen always negative
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bipolar disorder?
- manic highs manic lows
- lows: sleep a lot
- highs: sex drugs alcohol
ex: kurt cobain killed himself in a manic low. he was on drugs and had groupies for when he had a high.
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vulnerability stress?
persons vulnerability interacts with stressful events
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depression and vulnerability stress model of depression
- 1-genetic factors
- 2-life experiences- inner city kids vs rural kids
- 3-loss of a loved one or a close relationship- both present and past [mother father boyfriend]
- 4-cognitive habts- all negative thoughs
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marcissistic personality disorder?
obsessed with one self a little toooo much<3 them self like WOAH
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psychopath?
- no conscience
- inability to feel normal emotions
- no remorse, guilt, empathy for the pain that they cause others
- [serial killer, serial rapist]
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antisocial personality disorder [APD]
- -bad kids
- -impulsive
- -irresponsible
- -fail to hold job or meet obligations
- -teen deliquents
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causes of APD ?
- 1-abnoraml in central nervous system
- 2-impared frontal lobe function- inability to control responses to frustration and provocation
- 3-genetic influences- abused as a child bad genes
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alocholoism happens more...
in a culture that doesnt allow children to drin [usa]
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multiple personality disorder?
- think they are more than one person
- -hannah montana and miley cyrus
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schizophrenia?
- 1-delusions- dogs are aliens disguised as pets
- 2-hallucinations- happens and seems soooo real but it never happened
- 3-disorganized incoherent speech
- 4-grossly disorganized inapproriate behavior
- 5-impaired cognitive abilities-speech motor skills etc
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shizo - why?
- 1-genetic
- 2-brain abnomalities
- 3-neurotransmitter abnormaility
- 4-bith complications
- 5-brain development issues in adolecence
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antipshyotic drugs?
- for depression, impulse control, and bipolar.
- reduce / block sensitivity of brain receptors that respond to dopamine
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antidepresents?
- treat depression
- boot norepinephrine and serotonn levels preventing the normal reabsorption
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tranquilizers?
- mild anxiety
- symptoms always return when medication is stopped.
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lithium carbonate?
- bipolar
- pretects brain cells from being overstimulated by another nurotransmitter glutamate
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problems with drugs for disorders?
- 1-placebo effect- will respong quickly due to the "hype" they think it is working but eventutally the effects fade and the drug simply isnt working
- 2-high drop out- 1/2 to 2/3 will stop taking the drugs due to unpleasant side affects relapse
- 3-dosage problems- not the right dose not enough or too much
- 4-unknown long term effects
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psychosurgery?
cut out parts of the brain that are causing emotional problems or or disturbing behavior
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electroconvulsive therapy [ECT]
shock therapy [to help brain waves functin "normally"]
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psychoanalysis?
- couch talk
- talk about dreams and memories of childhood
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psychodynamic therapy?
- explore unconcious dynamics of personality defenses and conflicts
- transference -- feelings about parents
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behavioral therapy ?
- 1-exposure - bringing them gradually to the object they fear
- 2-systematic disensitization- step by step process [true life death]
- 3- behavioral self monitoring- looking for the unattractive habits on your own
- 4-skills training- "dont be shy" "dont yell"
FLOODING=THROWING THE CLIENT INTO THE FEARED SITUATION HEAD FIRST
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cognitive therapy?
identify beliefs and expectations that might be the reason for anger fear anxiety depressin etc.
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rational emotional therapy ?
- client-"no one likes me"
- dr-"do you really have not one friend" "has no one been nice to you this year" "how do you know that"
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client centered therapy?
emphassize warmth and empathy identify with clients feelings
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existential therapy?
helps clients meaning ad helps with the question of life. why am i here?
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