Motivation and Emotion

the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors

a behavior that is not a result of learning and can be found across members of a species

when a physiological  need occurs and creates a state of tension which in turn motivates you to reduce the tension or satisfy the need

the physiological aim of drive reduction

refers to the tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state that is optimal for functioning

When you are thirsty you are motivated to drink water to reduce the thirst. What is this an example of?

If you are offered money to perform a certain task or behavior and the money is the reason why you perform that task or behavior, what is this an example of?

suggest that people are driven to perform actions in order to maintain an optimum level of physiological arousal

Your levels drop too low, so you seek stimulation by going out to a nightclub with friends. These levels become too elevated and you become overstimulated, thus you are then motivated to select a relaxing activity such as going for a walk or taking a nap. What is this an example of?

Starting from the bottom of the Maslow's pyramid, what is the order in which needs must be fulfilled?

According to Maslow, what is the our maximum potential referred to as?

Who first established the drive reduction theory?

What is the evolutionary approach to motivation?

Most of the biological feeling of hunger comes from which part of your brain?

If stimulated, the _____ hypothalamus causes you to feel hunger.

If stimulated, the _____ hypothalamus causes you to feel full.

the rate of energy expenditure for maintaining basic body functions when the body is at rest

name the six appetite hormones

This is a digestive tract hormone that sends "I'm not hungry" signals to the brain

This is secreted by the stomach and sends "I'm full" signals to the brain

This is secreted by an empty stomach and sends "I'm hungry" signals to the brain

This is a hunger-triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus

This is secreted by fat cells and when abundant, it causes the brain to increase the metabolism and decrease hunger.

This is secreted by the pancreas and controls blood glucose.

Levels of hunger are increased by low levels of ______.

an eating disorder in which a person diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve

how quickly our body uses energy

Why do stressed people tend to crave carbohydrates?

What is the relationship between carbohydrates and serotonin?

theory that states everyone's body has a genetically determined range of weight and temperature that their body will try to maintain to stay at optimal health

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

the desire to do things well and overcome obstacles

Who pioneered the study of achievement motivation?

when you take some action for the sake of enjoyment or the satisfaction you receive it is called _____ motivation.

A student goes to school everyday and is always on time because he enjoys learning. What is this an example of?

when you take some action in order to obtain a reward or outcome it is called _____ motivation.

a projective measure intended to evaluate a person's patterns of thought, attitudes, observational capacity, and emotional responses to ambiguous test materials

People that are motivated intrinsically are usually also ____ ____.

According to this law, performance suffers when arousal is either too high or too low. Instead, there's an optimal level of arousal which will produce optimal performance.

This type of leader is simply focused on getting the work done.

This type of leader is focused on getting the work done while pleasing their employees

An employer is assigned a project. He immediately begins listing out all of the responsibilities, determining deadlines, and assigning work. What kind of leader is he?

According to McGregor, managers that have a more negative view on their employees can be also known as ____ __.

According to McGregor, managers that have a more positive view on their employees can be also known as ____ __.

A Theory __ manager believes that it is her goal to help develop potential so that employees can work towards a common organizational goal.

What part of your nervous system is responsible for fight or flight?

the portion of the nervous system that regulates involuntary processes

a machine that measures human responses to questions, more commonly known as a lie detector

What does a polygraph measure?

initial research indicates that emotional intelligence can predicate what things?

Vonda is exceptionally skilled at perceiving emotions in others. Vonda has a high level of ______.

occurs when an individual perceives stimuli that causes physiological arousal and the skin is able to conduct electricity more than when not aroused

What are two other names for the galvanic skin response?

positive emotion are mainly processed where?

negative emotions are mainly processed where?

the theory that our experience of emotion is awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

"I feel sad because I am crying" is a statement that would most like be made by...?

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion

the theory to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

Motives address the fundamental question of the ________ of behavior.

Which two theorists supported instinct theory?

a state of deprivation or deficiency

A state of bodily tension that arises from an unmet need

In drive theory, biological drives are also known as...?

internal states that prompt inquisitive and exploratory behavior.

"I feel so excited. It's probably fright due to the sudden appearance of the deer." This statement is best associated with which theory?

In the dual-pathway model of fear, the "high road" leads to the ________.

In the dual-pathway model of fear, the "low road" leads to the ________.

In the dual-pathway model of fear, where is stimulus information first processed?

Who formulated the dual-pathway model of fear?

the process of venting aggression as a way to release or get rid of emotion

this theory states that expressing or getting out one's aggression and anger should reduce the feeling of aggression

the sense that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves

our tendency to form judgment relative to a neural level defined by our prior experience