Building blocks

Can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules

Form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules

Can interact with positively or negatively charged ions

1. Can be either simple or complex sugars
2. Their main function include:
Major source of nutrients
starting material for other cell constituents
when conjugated to proteins to different cell locations
as surface markers, play important roles in cell recognition and intracellular interactions.

1. Non polar molecules that consist of long chains of hydrocarbons
2. Their functions include:
a form of energy storage
Major components of membranes
Important roles in cell signaling as steroid

Hormones and as messenger molecules

1. These are the [rinciple information molecules of the cell
2. Their functions include:
Making up genetic material
transfer info from nucleus to cytompasm
catalyzing reactions (protein synthesis)
Serving as template for protein synthesis

1. These are the building blocks that execute the task directed by the information encoded in genes
2. Their functions include
forming structural components of the cell
transporting and storing small molecules
transmiting information between cells
providing defense against infection
to function as enzymes

1. Organic ions
2. are involved in a number of a cell processes
co-enzymes
signaling messengers
buffer systems

Regular arrangement of aminoacids within localized regions of the polypeptide

The folding of the polypeptide chain as a result of interactions between the side chains of aminoacids that lie in different regions of the primary sequence

The interactions between different polypeptide chains in protiens composed of more that one polypeptide

Polypeptides form proteins upon proper folding the 3D stat of the chain this is due to the constituent aminoacids so the shapes of proteins are determined by their s amino acids sequences

Polypeptide chain coil around itself, with the CO group of one peptide bond forming a hydrogen bond with the NH group of a peptide bond located four residues downstream in the linear polypeptide chain.

Two or more parts of a polupeptide chain that lie side by side with hydrogen bonds between them; can be oriented either parallel or anitparallel to each other