AP Chemistry Ch 1

The study of organic compounds, which are compounds comprised of carbon,
hydrogen, and sometimes a few other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, and
sulfur.

The study of all inorganic compounds.

The branch of chemistry that is concerned with the detection or identification of substances present in a sample (qualitative analysis) or with the amount of each that is present (quantitative analysis).

The branch of chemistry that applies the mathematical theories and methods of physics to the properties of matter and to the study of chemical processes and the accompanying energy changes.

The study of the chemistry of processes in living organisms.

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

A measure of the quantity of matter in a sample of any material. Usually measured in grams or kilograms.

The type of energy that a body in motion possesses.

The capacity to do work or to transfer heat.

The energy an object possesses because of its position, condition, or composition.

Type of process in qhich energy is released to the surroundings.

A type of reaction or change during which energy is absorbed from the surroundings.

There is no observable change in the quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or during a physical change.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction of in a physical change. It can only be converted from one form to another.

The combined amount of matter and energy in the universe is fixed.

Properties that are exhibited by matter as it undergoes channges in composition.

Properties that can be observed in the absence of any change in composition.

Properties that depend on the amount of material examined

Properties that are independent of the amount of material examined

A change during which 1) one or more substances are used up (at least partially) 2) one or more new substances are formed, and 3) energy is absorbed or released.

A change that occurs with no change in chemical composition.

Combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its identity and properties.

How closely a measured value agrees with the correct value.

Exactly 4.184 joules

A substance composed of two or more elements in fixed proportions

Mass per unit volume

A substance that cannot be decomposed iinto simpler substances by chemical means.

A form of energy that flows between two samples of matter because of their difference in temperature

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a body (of whatever mass) one degree Celsius

A mixture that does not have uniform composition and properties throughout

A mixture that has uniform compposition and properties throughout

A unit of energy in the SI system. Equal to 1 kg(m²/s²), which is also 0.2390 cal

Different samples of any pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass; also known as the Law of Constant Composition

How closely repeated measurements of the same quantity agree with one another

Characteristics that describe samples of matter (can be chemical or physical)

A general statement based on the observed behavior of matter, to which no exceptions are knownn.

Digits that indicate the precision of measurements -- digits of a measured number that have uncertainty only in the last digit.

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water at the same temperature

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius

Any kind of matter all specimens of which have the same chemical composition and physical properties

A letter or group of letters that represents an element

A factor in which the numerator and denominator are expressed in different units but represent the same or equivalent amounts. Multiplying by this is the same as multiplying by 1.

A measure of the gravitational attraction of the earth for a body