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Immunology
The study of all aspects of host defense against infection and of adverse consequences of immune responses.
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Immune Response (IR)
The response made by the host to defend itself against a pathogen.
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2 types of immune responses:
- 1)Innate/non-specific immunity
- 2)Specific/adaptive/acquired
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Innate Immunity has what 4 characteristics?
1)Born with 2)Non-specific 3)Acts Immediately 4)Does not improve after exposure to the pathogen
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What are 4 characteristics of adaptive immune response?
- 1)Requires prior exposure or time to develop
- 2)Specific for one pathogen or molecule; has specific antigen receptors that activate lymphocytes
- 3)More versatile response to a large number of different organisms
- 4)Life long immunity to a specific agent
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Cytokines
Secreted proteins that regulate other cells (Ex: monokine, lymphokine, interleukins)
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Antigen
Any molecule that stimulates an IR or bind to the products of an IR.
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Lysozyme
Enzyme that digest the cell wall of bacteria.
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Normal flora
Microorganisms that grow in/on the body w/o causing harm.
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Phagocytes
WBC's that ingest large particles
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Inflammation
Significant to innate defense w/ signs of heat, redness, swelling, pain
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What are the 3 types of innate defenses?
Mechanical, Chemical, Microbiological
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Inflammatory Cytokines causes what 4 things to happen?
- 1)Activate endothelium
- 2)Activate WBC's
- 3)Fever
- 4)Acute phase proteins
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What are the 5 places of in/on the body defenses?
- Skin
- GI tract
- Respiratory tract
- Urogenital tract
- Eyes
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Mechanical/Skin
Flow of fluid, perspiration, sloughing off of skin
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Mechanical/GI tract
Flow of fluid, mucus, food, and saliva
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Mechanical/Resp. tract
Flow of fluid and mucus, e.g., by cilia air flow
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Mechanical/Urogenital tract
Flow of cluid, urin, mucus, sperm
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Mechanical/Eyes
Flow of fluid, tears
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Chemical/Skin
Sebum (fatty acids, lactic acid, lysozyme)
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Chemical/GI tract
Acidity, enzymes (proteases)
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Chemical/Resp. tract
Lysozyme in nasal secrections
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Chemical/Eyes
Lysozyme in tears
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Microbiological/Skin
Normal flora of the skin
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Microbiological/GI tract
Normal flora of the GI tract
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Microbiological/Resp. tract
Normal flora of the respiratory tract
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Microbiological/Urogenital tract
Normal flora of the urogenital tract
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Microbiological/Eyes
Normal flora of the eyes
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