The flashcards below were created by user
Nagmitas
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Can prescribe drugs
Psychiatrist
-
Psychological problem caused by the devil
Demonology
-
Statistical Rarity
Abnormal behavior is rare, infrequent, but not all rare is abnormal.
-
Violations of Norms
Norms are unwritten rules of social conduct, violations of these norms make the observer nervous. Norms change over time. Violators could simply be odd, not abnormal.
-
Maladaptive Behavior
Behavior that interferes with basic needs of life, not all is abnormal.
-
Personal Distress
Behavior that leads to distress or unpleasant emotions
-
M'Naghten Rule
- Don't understand what you're doing
- Cant tell right from wrong
-
Irresistible impulse
An action which cannot be controlled or prevented
-
Why is Psychological diagnosis subjective?
because there is no objective physical test that classifies the disorder.
-
Psychological Diagnostic Tools
Verbal Roports, Observation, Psychological Tests
-
Benefits of Diagnosis(3)
- 1. Helps find a cause for disorder
- 2. Aids in communication- the label of diagnosis helps see the symptoms and aid treatment
- 3. Course of the disorder is implied
-
Syndrome
collection of symptoms that go together
-
Criticisms of Diagnosis (5)
- 1. No 2 people have exact same symptoms
- 2. Individuality is ignored
- 3. The categories create a false sense of discontinuity between normal and abnormal.
- 4. Unethical because it leads to stigmatization
- 5. Creates self-fulfilling prophecy- people believe what ever they are told and become it even if they might not have been sick
-
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
More than 6 months, not clear why person feels anxious. Anxiety about everything.
-
Symptoms: difficulty controlling anxiety, rest lessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritable, muscle tension, disturbed sleeping.
GAD
-
People with what disorder often also display other disorders such as phobias, OCD, panic attacks, and depression
GAD
-
Psychoanalytic explanation for GAD
unconscious sexual or aggressive impulse are blocked
-
Behavioral explanation for GAD
Something in the environment triggers anxiety. ex. fear of making a mistake
-
Biological explanation for GAD
GABA inhibitory system fails to activate.
-
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Must take an hour out of a person's day.
- Obessions and compulsions
-
Obsessions
interuptive thoughts the person realizes but cannot stop.
-
Compulsions
Rituals are performed to stop anxiety
-
Psychoanalytic explanation for OCD
overly harsh toilet training leads to an impulse to soil which is prevented by reaction formation.
-
Reaction Formation
person knows his desires are unacceptable, so he tries to convince himself or others that he does not think that way, usually by over exaggeration.
-
Behavioral explanation for OCD
irresistable urge(compulsion) is negatively reinforced
-
Biological explanation for OCD
Caused by overactivity in basal ganglia
-
Panic disorder
- fear, dizziness, pounding heart, chest pain, derealization, sweating, trebling, fear of losing control or going crazy, heart attack.
- symptoms need to occur more than once.
- change behavior according to attacks
-
What disorder may develop into agoraphobia?
Panic Disorder
-
What is Agoraphobia?
When a person fears being in a situation where escape is difficult
-
Biological explanations for Panic Attacks
Pons is overly sensitive to norepirephrine which triggers the attack
-
Cognitive explanations for Panic Attacks
Bodily sensations are blown out of proportion
-
Phobias
unrealistic fear of an object or situation
-
Psychoanalytic explanation for Phobias
Repressed id impulse displaced onto symbolic object.
-
Learning or Behavioral explanation for Phobias
Mower's 2 factor theory: classical conditioning associates the fear behavior and negative reinforcement by avoiding maintains it.
-
Biological explanations for Phobias
Serotonin levels
-
Cognitive explanation for Phobias
Social Phobia, exaggeration of negative judgements by others to oneself
-
Defines abnormality (4)
Violation of norms, statistical rarity, maladaptive behavior, personal distress
-
Catatonia
showing lack of responsiveness to environment
-
Disssociative fugue
Break in a person's consciousness that affects identity
-
Mania
Impulsive, motivate decision, talk fast
-
percentage of men and women developing depression
M 5-12% W 10-25%
-
Characteristics of a person with a depressive explanatory style
Internal blame for everything
-
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Hallucinations, delusions, word salad, disorganized, catatonic.
-
Negative sympotms of Schizophrenia
Flat affect, loss of motivation, poverty of speech
-
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Being a witness or victim to a life threatening event, recurrent recollections, dreams of event, distress to cues of the event, reactivity to cues of the event.
-
Major depression/ unipolar depression
Depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure for 2 years min. 4 out of the symptoms should occur.
-
Symptoms of Major/ unipolar depression
weight change, fatigue/ lack of energy, slow, guilt and worthless felling, suicidal thoughts, insomnia-unable to stay asleep, loss of concentration.
-
Dysthymic Disorder
Depression where the person still gets through the day- for 2 years
-
Psychoanalytic explanation for depression
loss of loved one, negative thinking and beliefs, bad characteristics.
-
Behavioral explanation for depression
Possible thoughts about rewards change leading to decline in rewards, leading to lower activity levels, leading to even lower rewards.
-
Learned explanations for depression
Actions have no effect on outcomes, person quits trying and had learned to be helpless
-
Biological explanation for depression
Genetic influences, neurotransmitters- serotonin and norepinephrine
-
Bipolar Disorder
Alternates between depression and manic stage/ extreme agitation. Has genetic factor
-
Discarded explanations of Schizophrenia(4)
mother, double bind messages from parents, disease myth, an escape mechanism, childhood trauma.
-
diathesis
Tendency to suffer from a medical condition, such as genes and stress are for Schiz.
-
Dissociative Amnesia
loss or block or memory
-
Dissociative Identity disorder
Multiple personality like amnesia
-
borderline personality disorder
you want everyone to like u, fear of abandonment
-
paradigm choice
A general approach a person uses to explain and understand something, whether it's the cause of a mental illness or the creation of the world
-
PhD. Research, will not and can not prescribe, treat and diagnose
Psychologist
-
Trained in Freudian Analytic Techniques PSYD
Psychoanalyst
-
Somatogenesis
In the body, treated by medicine drugs
-
Psychogenic perspectives
hypnosis, it's all in the mind
-
2 avenues to the unconscious according to psychoanalysts
Free Association and Dream Analysis
-
Free Association
rambling without censoring
-
Dream Analysis
- Manifest- actual
- Latent- hidden meaning
-
Who do not accept the idea of symptom substitution
Behavioral Therapists, they treat the exact problem
-
Associate an unpleasant experience with a behavior previously associated with pleasure
Aversion Therapy
-
Like the bunny fear- undesired fear is associated with relaxation
Systematic desensitization
-
Fear eventually subsides, they get tired of getting scared, flood of bunnies
flooding
-
Natural punishers
Biological preparedness
-
Token economy
get tokens for doing what they are asked, so to use as money
-
Albert Ellis's ABD theory of emotion, what causes the unpleasant psychological condition?
- 1. Activating event
- 2. Irrational belief
- 3. Emotional response
- has to happen in order
-
1st antipsychotic drug for schitz
Thorazine, only positive symptoms
-
Phenothiazine drugs to treat schizophrenia are
dopamine antagonists
-
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Declining body movements due to drugs for parkinson's disease showing up, can not be reversed
-
What are the typical antipsychotic drugs for schiz. that are also effective on the negative symptoms
Risperidone and Clozapine
-
Diet restriction antidepressants to avoid dangerous blood pressure.
MAO
-
The antianxiety drugs like xanax, and valium enhance the effectiveness of what neurotransmitter?
GABA
-
When a patient improves without therapy
spontanious remission
-
Eclectic therapist
open therapist who uses different therapy styles for treatment.
-
Stages of General Adaptive Syndrome(3)
- Alarm Stage- changes physiological processes
- Resistance stage- refuse outward signs of stress
- Exhaustion stage- organ damage
-
Deeply thinking about something else when you are supposed to be doing something.
Ruminative thinking
-
Characteristics of Hardy individuals (5)
Sense of control of life, Purpose of commitment, interests outside of personal life, challenge and change, and healthy.
-
Internal locus of control
Person feels responsible for what goes on
-
External locus of control
Person feels that the situation is out of control
-
Increased levels of cholesterol that are connected to heart disease are associated with what
LDL VLDL and hypertension can result in high temp from increasing bad blood pressure
-
Transference
talking to psychologist like they are good friends
-
Subtle persuasion
overtime getting facts in behavior therapy to prove the conflict.
-
Akathesia
increased aggitation
-
Catastrophizing
focusing on the worst possible outcome and negative consequences
-
Eustress
Positive stress like marriage
-
Arbitrary Inferencne
Negative conclusions based on little evidence
-
-
types of stressors
significant life events - daily stresses -catastrophic
-
Biological explanations due to serotonin
phobias and depression
-
biological explanations due to norepinephrine
Depression and panic attack
-
biological exp. due 2 GABA
GAD
-
biological exp due to basal ganglia
OCD
|
|