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The 4 main parts of a nerve cell are
- -Cell body (soma)
- -Axon
- -Dendrite
- -Terminal button
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Nerve fiber refers to this part if the nerve cell
Axon
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The order from which an impulse is sent
Dendrite -> Soma -> Axon -> Terminal buton
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The nervous system can be divided into two main anatomical groups. _____ and ____
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Periperal nervous system (PNS)
-
What body parts are contained in the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
-
What body parts are included in the PNS?
Everything but brain and spinal cord
-
Functionally the nervous system can be divided into these two groups.
- Somatic nervous system
- Visceral nervous system
-
Does the somatic nervous system belong to CNS or PNS?
Both
-
The somatic nervous system innervates
skeletal muscle, dermis, skeletal system and joints
-
The somatic nervoys system is comprised of these two types of nerves
Afferent (GSA) and efferent(GSE) neurons
-
affarent neuron
Carries signals to the CNS
-
efferent neuron
carries messages from CNS t skeletal muscles of body
-
Visceral (Autonomic) nervous system is made up of which geographical nervous systems?
CNS and PNS
-
This system fires involuntary effectors
Autonomic Nervous System
-
What does the Autonomic Nervous System innervate?
- heart, blood vessels, hollow organs including the orages of the digestive, urinary, respiratory and genital system
- (all glands and smooth muscle throughout the body)
-
The ANS uses these two types of nerves
affarent (GVA) and efferent (GVE)
-
The ANS can be broken down into two main functions
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
-
Accumulations of nerve fibers (axons) in the CNS are known as _____
white matter
-
Accumulations of cell bodies in the CNS are called ______
grey matter
-
Within the grey matter this cellular organelle is discernable
Nuclei
-
Sensory neurons are typically this type of neuron
afferent neuron
-
Motor neurons are typically this type of neuron
efferent neuron
-
Accumulations of cell bodies in the PNS are called _______
ganglia
-
somatic nerves arise from ____
Somites (Somites are found only during the embryonic stage)
-
Somites arise from ______ ________
paraxial mesoderm
-
The early form of somites that the paraxial mesoderm forms are called ________
somitomeres
-
Name the three subdivisions of somites
- Sclerotome
- Myotome
- Dermatome
-
The first subdivision of the somite
Sclerotome
-
Somites develop a central cavity after being formed and shortly occupied by _____ _____
core cells
-
the ventral portion of the sclerotome that surrounds the notochord form the rudiment of the ______ ______
vertebral body
-
The dorsal portion surrounds the neural tube and forms the rudiment of the_____ _____
vertebral arch
-
The left over portion of the somite (the dermamyotome) forms the two structure
-
Myotomes produce these cells
muscle cells
-
Epimeres give rise to these muscles:
- Epiaxial muscles
- e.g. erector spinae and transversospinales
-
hypomeres form these:
- hypaxial muscles
- e.g. limbs and the lateral and ventral body wall in the thorax and abdomen
-
During development, hypomeres form these two large condensations:
-
The ventral mass gives rise to these types of muscles
- flexors
- pronators
- adductors
-
The dorsal mass gives rise to these types of muscles
- extensors
- supinators
- abductors
-
Spinal nerves form rootlets on these sides of the spine
Ventral and dorsal
-
Ventral rootlets carry these impulses
efferent impulses (away from spinal cord)
-
The cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are found here in the spinal cord
Ventral horm
-
Dorsal rootlets carry these impulses
afferent impulses (towards the spinal cord)
-
the cell bodies of somatic sensory nerves are found here in the spinal cord
dorsal horn
-
Ventral roots carry these fibers
- general visceral efferent fibers
- general somatic efferent fibers
-
Dorsal roots carry these fibers
- general visceral afferent fibers
- general somatic afferent fibers
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The cell bodies of the neurons that make up the dorsal root are housed in the ______ _____ ______
dorsal root ganglion
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The spinal nerve is considered a _____ nerve because it carries afferent and efferent nerves of visceral and somatic fibers
a mixed nerve
-
Once the spinal nerve emerges from the intervertebral foramen, it divides immediately into the
dorsal ramus and ventral ramus
-
Dorsal and ventral rami are ____ nerves
mixed nerves
-
Dorsal rami form
peripheral nerves associated w/ back
-
ventral rami are unique in that they can stay segmental or intermingle with other ventral rami to form a _____ ______
nerve plexus
-
The dermatome forms our _____
skin
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