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Mawad
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Many fungal infections are common to man and animals but are not considered zoonotic; the common source of infection is the _________.
environment
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Zoonotic mycoses. (3)
microsporum (dermatophytosis), trichophyton (dermatophytosis), sporotrichosis
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What is the most common zoonotic disease in the U.S.?
dermatophytosis (ringworm)
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Found mainly in animals but can be transmitted to man.
zoophilic
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Found mainly in man and rarely transmitted to animals.
anthropophilic
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Found mainly in soil and can infect man and animals.
geophilic
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Animals are a reservoir for ____________ [general].
zoophilic dermatophytes
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Dermatophytosis is spread by... (4)
direct contact with arthrospores (in hyphae of parasitic stage) or with conidia (in free-living stage), aerosol, fomites
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Incubation period of dermatophytes is ___________; clinical signs include... (2)
1-2 weeks; pruritus, skin lesions.
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Dermatophytosis has a higher prevalence in _________ [human pop]; most infections are ___________.
children; self-limiting
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Animals are/are not the source of dermatophytosis epidemic ringworm in people.
are not
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Feline dermatophytosis is caused by _________.
Microsporum canis
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_________ are the most common host and reservoir of dermatophytosis and are a primary source of human infection.
Cats
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Do cats need to have lesions in order to be the source of human dermatophytosis infection?
no
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Bovine dermatophytosis is caused by _____________.
Trichophyton verrucosum
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Dermatophytosis in sheep is often called __________.
club lamb fungus
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Dermatophytosis in hogs is caused by ___________; it is a common/rare source of human infection.
Microsporum nanum; rare
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Disease of unknown etiology that commonly occurs on the ventral belly of feeder pigs; easily confused with Trichophyton.
pityriasis rosea
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Prevention of ringworm infections. (4)
control in animals reduces infections in humans, direct sunlight, disinfection, rodent control
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Sporotrichosis is caused by ____________.
Sporothrix schenckii
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Human sporotrichosis infections are associated with __________; incubation is ___________.
skin injuries; 1-3 weeks
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Major animal source of human infection with sporotrichosis.
Cats (transmission with contact in absence of skin injury)
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Why is sporotrichosis such a debilitating disease? (2)
long term treatment, side effects of iodine treatment
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Where are lesions commonly found with feline sporotrichosis? (3)
distal extremities, head, base of tail
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Treatment for feline sporotrichosis. (2)
potassium or sodium iodide, ketoconazole [guarded prognosis]
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Dermatophilosis is caused by ___________.
Dermatophilus congolensis
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Dermatophilus congolensis is a(n) ___________.
gram + anaerobic bacterium
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How is dermatophilosis transmitted to humans?
direct contact with lesions on animals
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Humans with dermatophilosis develop an ___________.
exudative dermatits
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Transmission of dermatophilosis between animals is by... (4)
release of zoospores from lesions when they get wet- direct contact, contaminated equipment, insects as mechanical vectors
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Clinical signs of dematophilosis (rain scald) in animals. (4)
hair loss, matting, crusting, small tufts of hair fall out/raw underneath
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Treatment of dermatophilosis. (3)
head without treatment, keep skin dry, sunlight
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Prevention of dermatophilosis in animals. (3)
isolation, don't share grooming equipment, control biting insects
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Contagious ecthyma, or commonly ___________, is caused by the _________.
sore mouth; Orf virus
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Natural reservoir of Orf virus.
sheep and goats
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Orf virus is transmitted by... (2)
direct contact and fomites through skin cuts/abrasions.
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Incubation of Orf virus in humans is _________; recovery occurs in _________ with/without treatment.
3-7 days; 2-6 weeks; without
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Incubation of Orf virus in sheep and goats is _________; it is frequently seen in __________; lesions heal in ________.
2-3 days; late spring; 3 weeks
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Control of Orf virus includes...
vaccinate lambs and kids- control WHEN they get infected- will get clinical disease with vaccination- isolate vaccinated animals until lesions heal
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