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soundscape
the characteristic sound of a particular place, both humnan and nonhuman
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acoustic ecology
biophony, the combined voices of living things
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bernie krause's word for acoustic ecology
biophony
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music is universal but its_______ is not
meaning
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culture
the way of life of a people, learned and transmitted from one gerneration to the next
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music-culture
a group's total involvement with music: ideas, institutions, material objects- everything that has to do with music
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sound
anything that can be heard
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what must you do in order to study another culture's music
- get out your own cultural skin
- look at how people perceive differences between music and nonmusic
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people in music-culters organize sounds into___________
musical patterns
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rhythm
the patterned reoccurence of events
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metrical rhythm
the time-relations among the sounds and find a pattern of regular reoccurence
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polyrhythm
simultaneous occurence of serveral rhythms with what we can perceive as shifting downbeat
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polymeter
the simultaneous presence of two different metrical systems
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melody
the part of a peice of music that goes up and down
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pitch
referes to how high or low a sound is
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aspects of melody
pitch, tone, timbre, emphasis
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how to emphasize a pont in melody
add decorative tones
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intervals
distance between pitches
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harmony
a part different from the melody
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chords
simultaneous sounding tones
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texture
helps describe how melody and harmony interact in various musics thoughout the world
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monophonic
- singing by yourself
- when several people sing the same melody in unison
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heterophonic
when two or more voices elaborate the same melody in different ways at the same time
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polyphonic
two or more distinct melodies are combined
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form
the structure of a musical performance: the principles by which it is put together and how it works
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affect
the music power to move
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the most important thing to understand about performance is_______________
that it moves along the basis of agreed-on rules and procedures
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musical analysis
breaking music down into its component parts of mode, motif, melody, rhythm, meter, section and so forht, and determining how the parts operate together to make the whole
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what must hte listener understand the intention of the composer and the music structuce
the rules of the cultures music
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musical community
the group that carries on the traditions and norms, the social processes and activities, and the ideads of performance
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affinity groups
communities where people come toget3her over common interests
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performance involved two things:
- 1) people mark performances
- 2)has a purpose
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four categories of ideas about music:
- 1) music and the belief system
- 2) aesthetics
- 3) contexts
- 4) histoy
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the four compents of a music culture:
- 1) ideas about music
- 2) activities involving music
- 3) repertories of music
- 3) material culture of music
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repertory consist of six basic parts
- 1)style
- 2) genres
- 3) texts
- 4) composition
- 5) transmission ( how it gets form one generation to the next, how is it shared)
- 6) movement ( physical activity with music)
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how do governments get involved with music?
sometimes governments intervene to support other kinds of music
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what does musical history respond to?
changes in human culture
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3 kinds of music circulate within most communities:
- 1) music that is so old and accept as "ours" that no one questions its origins
- 2) music of an earlier generation called old-fashion or classic
- 3) music that is most recent and marketed
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music-subcultures
worlds within worlds of music
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repertory
a stock of music that is ready to be performed
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style
everything related to the organization of musical sound itself: pitch elements, timbre elements, and sound intensity
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genres
the names standard units of repertory such as song and its various subdivisions or the many types of instrumental music and dance
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music text
the words to a song, lyrics
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materical culture
tha tangible objects that people in a culture produces- objects that can be seen held felt and used
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people listen to ___________ music more than any other kind
mass-mediated
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music-cultures are _________ not ______
dynamic, static
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