11 Pay 101

The ability to direct one's thinking, adapt to one's circumstances and learn from one's experiences

There was a lot of education reforms in 19th century France and the government hired a guy named Alfred Benet and a guy named Theodore Simon to make a test to help create and fill remedial classes

A statistic obtained by dividing a person's mental age by the person's physical age and then multiplying it by 100

A statistic obtained by dividing a person's test score by the average test score of people in the same age group and then multiplying that by 100

Future earning potential, patience, risk calculation, predicting other's reactions, how to respond properly to situations

A statistical technique that explains a large number of correlations in terms of a small number of underlying factors

Shearman's theory suggesting that every task requires a combination of a general ability (which he called g) and skills that are specific to the task (which he called s)

• The three level hierarchy was the boring answer
• Peoplehave a general ability called intelligence, then they haves a small set of middle level abilities made up of a large set of specific ability unique to particular tasks

The ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences

The ability to retain and use knowledge that was acquired through experience

A pattern of someone being able to swat flies and balance things better but not be able to interpret Shakespeare well suggests that there are single middle level abilities like physical coordination, which is unrelated to other middle level abilities like academic skill.

Conclusions are based on hard evidence, but it's incapable of discovering any middle level abilities that aren't already measured.

The ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning

• Know what kinds of emotions a particular event will trigger
• ID, manage and describe their emotions
• Know how to use emotions to improve their decisions,
• ID other people's emotions from face/tone of voice/body language

• Westerners: Speaking quickly and often is smart
• Africans: Speaking slow and deliberately is smart
• Confucian: Behaving properly is smart
• Taoist: Humility and self knowledge is smart
• Buddhist: Determination and mental effort is smart
• Asian/African: Cooperation and social responsiblity

Usually score well on others, suggesting a property called g (general intelligence)

Which suggests that there are properties called s (specific abilities)

Research has revealed that there are several middle level abilities

That there are eight middle level abilities

That there may be middle level abilities that standard intelligence tests don't measure, such as practical, creative, and emotional intelligence.

May include measure of social responsibility and cooperation in their definitions of intelligence

Twins from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm

Twins who come from the splitting of a single egg fertilized by a single sperm

A statistic (commonly dented as h^2) that describes the proportion of the difference between people's scores that can be explained by difference in their genes

• Share genes, environments and/or both.
• The more genes they share and the more they are raised in the same environment the closer their IQs are

Because they have all have similarly nice environments with lots of resources.

Those environmental factors that are experienced by all relevant members of a household

Those environmental factors that are not experienced by all repellant members of a household

There is some genetic makeup the decides the range of heights a person can be, but their environment decides exactly what height that is

Their SES (socioeconomic status) gives kids their level of nutrition, stress, and exposure level to environmental toxins

Genes that influence behavior such as liking reading can influence intelligence by coincidence.

Both genes and environments

Tells us what potion of the difference between the intelligence scores of different people is attributable to differences in their genes

• Relative: Generally stable over time
• Absolute: Changes

• SES has a powerful influence on intelligence
• Education has a moderate influence on intelligence

Gifted children tend to be gifted in one thing and obsessed with that one thing. They display a "rage to master" a domain

Asking a black person to put down their race on a test can make they fear supporting a negative stereotype and get nervous. Things like that

One group of people can be more or less likely to have a better SES than another group, making it seem like they are just inherently smarter when in reality they just have better resources

Exercise, nutrition, sleep, reading and instruction