AGRY 320

  1. What is a somatic cell?
    Vegetative cells that divide by mitosis.
  2. Germ cells
    Reproductive cells that give rise to gametes after meiosis.
  3. List and name the DNA base pairs
    • A (Adenine) pairs with T (Thiamine)
    • C (Cytosine) pairs with G (Gaunine)
  4. What is Transcription?
    The process of DNA being rewritten as RNA and still looking similar.
  5. What is Translation?
    DNA and RNA being made into something completely different.
  6. List 6 Methodologies found in genetics.
    • 1. Mutations and mutants
    • 2. Analyzing progeny from controlled matings (crosses)
    • 3. Genetic analysis of biochemical processes through mutations and mutants
    • 4. Microscopic analysis of chromosomes (cytogenetics)
    • 5. Direct analysis of DNA and RNA (cloning, sequencing)
    • 6. Computer analysis of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences (bioinfomatics)
  7. What are the three blotting methods?
    • 1. southern blot
    • 2. western blot
    • 3. Northern blot
  8. Define Allelic Variation
    • Presence in a population of different forms of a given gene.
    • Polymorphism = many forms
  9. Define Mutation
    • A change in DNA (or RNA) sequence
    • Anything that is a change in the nucleic acid sequence
  10. Mutant
    a rare, exceptional individual
  11. variant
    a somewhat rare individual
  12. Wild type (normal)
    type most commonly found
  13. Define recombination
    • The mixing of alleles.
    • Example: joining gametes. Segregation and crossing over at meiosis.
  14. Describe discontinuous variation
    • two discreet states
    • example: drosophila flies; normal wings and vestigial wings
  15. Describe Continuous variation
    • Many different states
    • Much more common in nature
    • Much harder to breakdown into 'this' or 'that'
  16. "norm of reaction"
    The response of a given genotype to a wide range of environments
  17. Levels of genetic study
    • Features generally applicable to many organisms
    • example: body plan of insects. some are butterflies and some are ants, but they all have a head, thorax, and abdomen.
    • Features that are consistent within species but differ between species
    • example: body color of insects
    • Features that still vary even within a species--can use to understand the roldes of environment and development.
    • example: drosophila eye development.
  18. What is Diploid?
    Two of every chromosome
  19. What effects the phenotype of the gene?
    Where a mutation in a gene takes place.
  20. Another word for hybrid
    • Heterozygote
    • Ex: Aa
  21. LAW #1
    Alleles of the same gene segregate from one another at meiosis.
  22. Mitosis
    Makes a complete copy of the entire chromosome set and divides into two sets.
  23. Meiosis
    Alleles segregate
  24. Haploinsufficient
    One copy is not enough
Author
jdenniso
ID
31060
Card Set
AGRY 320
Description
Chapter 1
Updated