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Disability 1700s
- Services nonexistent
- Families responsible
- Workhouses/poorhouses
- Trained
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1800s Disability
- Restricted marriages
- Mandatory sterilization
- Institutionalism
- Mentally disabled could not be trained/cured, people became scared so they institutionalized them
- Fear of mentally ill- believed that those children that were mentally ill could be trained, cured, and returned to community
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disability 1900s
- Vocational rehab- war vets (helped view of disability)
- Social Securite Act and benefits
- Hilter- euthinazia
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Most people, whose lives do not end abruptly, will
experience disability
- chronic illness
- temporarily incapaciated
- unable to manage daily life
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Disability prevalence varies by
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It is important for health care policymakers and health care providers to recognize that the prevalence of disability is
increasing
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Every hour, _______ americans become disabled and will most likely require disability services
3000
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Chronic illness leads to
diability
-
______ of Americans are living with disability
1/3
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Increased prevalence of disability in
- Africa
- Middle East
- Asia
- Latin America
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Worldwide, _______ have some type of disability. _____ are poor and live in developing countries
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Everyone who ages will at some point experience
- disability
- (sprained ankle)
-
% households with children that have at least one child with a special health care need
15.2%
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A disability is defined by a
a communication-related difficulty, mental or emotional condition, difficulty with regular schoolwork, difficulty getting along with other children, difficulty walking or running, use of some assistive device, and/or difficulty with ADLs
-
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Self Assesment: Response to Disability
- Do not look at people with disabilities as "all the same"
- What disability means to you
- Each person is unique with different goals, knowledge, and experience
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WHO on Disabilities
- results from an impairment- involves restriction or an inability to perform an activity in a normal manner
- Affects a person on an individual level
- Does not necessarily produce handicaps
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WHO definition of disability
- an umbrella term covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions
- (individual)
- May be objective and measurable
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Impairment definition
Physical deviation from normal structure, function, physical organization or development
Anatomical, mental or psychological loss or abnormality
(micro)
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Impairments do not necessarily result in
disabilities
-
Example of impairments
- spina bifida
- spinal cord injury
- amputation
- detatched retina
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Disability examples
- physical
- sensory
- intellectual
- serious emotional distrubances
- learning
- significant chemical and environmental sensitivities
- Health problmes
- Uses crutches/wheelchair
- Blind
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Limitation definition
difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action
Participation restriction- is anything not allowing the person to participate in activities
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Handicap
- Disadvantage resulting from an impairment or disability that prevents fulfillment of an expected role
- (macro)
- Not objective or measureable
- Is an experience related to the response of others and reflects physical and psychological characteristics of the person, culture, and specified circumstances
- societal
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Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)
- Measurement of disability
- Functional ADLS- seeing hearing speaking, walking, using stairs, lifting and carrying items
IADLS- light house cleaning, shopping, preparing meals, going outside the home
Gathers data on if a person uses crutch, cane, or wheelchair for 6 months or more
Impairment that produces work limitations or inability to do housework
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American Community Survey
- Surveys for disability in six areas
- 1. Sensory
- 2. PHysical
- 3. Mental/emotional
- 4. Self-care
- 5. Ability to go outside
- 6. Employment
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Quality of life issues in those with disabilities
- TRANSPORTATION TO A NEEDED SERVICE
- Cost of care
- Appointment challenges
- Language barriers
- Financial issues
- Migrant/noninsured issues
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Primary disability prevention
- reduce the occurence of impairment:
- prenantal care
- immunizations
- use of asprin in response to MI
-
Secondary disability prevention
- reduce development into functional limitation:
- reduce obesity that has developed in a quadriplegic
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Tertiary disability prevention
- prevent the transition of functional limitation to disability:
- special education programs
- behavior intervention
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Disparities are caused by
- differences in access to care
- provider biases
- poor provider-patient communication
- poor health literacy
-
Persons with disabilites experience
- higher rates of chronic illness
- increased risks for medical, physical, social, emotional, and/or spiritual secondary issues
-
people with intellectual disabilities are
undervalued and disadvantaged
-
IDEA legislation
- No discrimination
- Free appropriate public education in least-restrictive setting to children with disabilities
- IEP
- Equal protection
- Egalitarianism
- Normalization
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Equal protection
those with disabilites deserve public protection under the law
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Egalitarianism
regardless of differences in abilities, all people should receive equal treatment through equal opportunities
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Normalization
people with disabilities should be treated like non-disabled people minimizing differences whenever possible
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ADA
Landmark civil rights legislation that prohibits discrimination toward people with disabilities in every day activities:
- Equal oportunities
- Protections
- "Qualified individual"
-
qualified individual (ADA)
a person with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities or bodily functions, a person with a record of such an impairment, or a person who is regarded as having such an impairment.
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TWWIA
- law in 1999- amended in 2008
- Increases access to vocational services
- provides new methods for retaining health insurance afer returning to work
- Increases available choices when obtaining employment services, vocational rehab services, and other support services needed to KEEP A JOB
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SSI
Funded through general tax revenues Must have limited income and resources Benefits are payable to adults and children who are disabled or blind Receive Medicaid health benefits Some states may elect to pay a state supplement to some PWD
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SSDI
Funded through fund monies (social security taxes paid by worker, employers, and self employed workers) PWD must be “insured” through FICA Benefits are payable to workers or widowers who are disabled or adults who have been disabled since childhood Receive Medicare health benefits Don’t have state supplements
-
Persons with disabilities experience
more health problems in other areas
-
Medical model for Disability
a defect in need of cure through medical intervention
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Rehab model for Disability
a defect to be treated by rehab professional
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Moral model for disability
connected with sin and shame
-
Disability model
socially constructed. Inability to perform something
-
_______ may be largest minority group in US
PWD
-
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Nurses who are caring for disabled client should care for
the client and family, not the disability
-
The ostrich phase
Parents dont deny disability but dont fully realize full impact
-
Special designation
fully realize child has special needs and seek help
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Normalization in children
try to make difference between their child and other children less apparent and may actually request reduction in services
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Self actualization
- being different is not better or worse (high point of Maslows)
- SUpport child in learning about their disability and help them self-advocate
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Bullying
rehab act of 1973 and title II of ADA prohibits any form of disability harassment
-
ETHOS persepective: Normal home has three domains
- Physical- adequate dwelling for which a person/family has exclusive possession
- Social- being able to maintain privacy and enjoy rel
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