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skeletal muscle
- 40-50% of of total body mass
- long, unbranched fiber
- multinucleate
- striations
- fast rates of contraction
- it can be controlled bu us
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cardiac muscle
- found only in heart
- it has intercalated disks
- short, branching fibers
- slower rates of contraction
- involuntary muscle type
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where is smooth muscle found?
within the walls of many hollow organs specially in the digestive system
stomach, esophagus, and large/small intestines
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smooth muscle
- short, cigar-shaped cells
- mononucleate
- no striation
- very slow rate of contraction
- involuntary
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where are most flexors located?
on the anterior of the body
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where are most extensors located?
posterior
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where are most adductors located?
medial
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where are most abductors located?
lateral
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flexion
movement that decreases the angle of a joint and lesses the distance between bones that lie on either side of the join
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extension
movement that increases the angle at a joint and increases the distance between bones that lie on either side of the joint.
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if an angle of extension is over 180 degrees is called what?
hypoextensions
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abduction
movement of a limb away from the midline (generally along a frontal plane) Splaying or fanning out the toes or fingers is also an abduction
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adduction
movement towards the midline
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rotatin
movement of a bone around it longitudial axis
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circumduction
a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction that produces a circular motion of a body limb, usually around a ball and socket joint
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pronation
movement of the palm of the hand from anterior to posterior (PALM DOWN)
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inversion
movement of the sole of the foot medial
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eversion
movement of the sole of the foot lateral
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dorsiflexion
bending of the ankle joint dorsally (standing on one's heels)
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plantarflexion
flexing foot downward (standing on one's toes)
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tendons
cords of dense (fibrous) irregular connective tissue that connect muscles to bones
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belly (gaster)
muscle cells (fibers) are clustered in this region
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2 point of attachment in muscles
origin and insertion
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origin
least movement point of attachment of a muscle
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insertion
most moveable point of attachment of a muscle
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insertion point will always what?
have a tendancy to move towards the origin
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endomvsiurm
a connective tissue sheath that covers muscle cells 
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fascicles
groups of muscles
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perimysium
connective tissue that surround fascicles
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epimysium
connective tissue sheath that surrounds grouped fascicles
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