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inflammation>>immunity>>repair
the body's response to injury
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begins the body's process of healing
imflammation
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alteration that causes tissue damage
injury
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affects teeth, tissue, and bone
physical injuries
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occurs from the application of caustic substances
chemical injury
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causes injury by invading the oral tissue
microorganisms
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renders the tissue more susceptible to injury
nutritional deficiencies
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___is a physical barrier to injury
intact skin or mucosa
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protects the respiratory system
cilia and mucus
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____kills microorganisms that are taken in through the mouth
stomach acid
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has antimicrobial activity-flushes eyes and mouth
saliva and tears
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nonspecific response to injury-always the same no matter what causes the injury
inflammation
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limited to the area of injury
local
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if injury is extensive
systemic
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can be seen or read clinically
signs
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short-lasting only a few days--repair of tissue may begin immediately
acute
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may last weeks, months, or indefinitly
chronic
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true/false--tissue repair can only occur if the source of injury is removed
true
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5 signs of inflammation
- redness
- heat
- swelling
- pain
- loss of function
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arterioles, capillaries, and venules
microcirculation
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inflammation:
- injury
- vasoconstriction
- vasodilation
- ^ permeability
- exudate leaving
- blood thickens
- flow slows
- migration and pavementing
- emigration
- phagocytosis
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increased blood flows fills capillaries in injured tissue
hyperemia
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what is hyperemia responsible for
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true/false: exudate helps to dilute injurious agents that may be present-and be carried to the lymphnodes
true
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swelling of the tissue
edema
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collection of pus accumulated in a cavity formed by the tissue
abcess
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drainage channel through which exudate escapes the tissue
fistula
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true/false: exudate formation causes pain by pressing on sensory nerves
true
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WBC adhear to the inner walls of the injured blood vessel
pavementing
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WBC leave vessels and enter injured tissue
emigration
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ingest and digest "bad guys"
phagocytosis
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important process of inflammation
- emigration of WBC(leukocytes) into the injury site
- chemotaxis(movement of WBC into injury
- phagocytosis
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2 types of WBC
- neutrophil
- monocyte(blood)/macrophage(tissue)
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another name for the neutrophil-multilobed nucleus
polymorphonuclear leukocyte
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first WBC at the injury in response to chemotactic factors
neutrophil
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short lived, 60%-70% of intire WBC population
neutrophil
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2nd WBC to emigrate into tissue
monocyte(blood)
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3 systems of the plasma proteins
- kinin
- clotting mechanism
- complement system
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mediates inflammation by ^ dilation of blood vessels at the injury site
kinin system
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induces pain
kinin system
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primary kinin system
bradykinin
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function in the clotting of blood, keeps foreign substances at injury site, protects adjacent tissues
clotting mechanism
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important in tissue repair because it forms future framework for the repair process
clotting mechanism
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composed of a series of plasma proteins--activated in a cascading fashion
complement system
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functions during both inflammatory and immunity
complement system
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enhancement of phagocytosis
opsonization
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