chapter 9 The Urinary System

hernia, tumor, swelling

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

through, between, apart, complete

stretching, dilation, enlargement

glomerulus

stone,calculus

breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening

kidney

surgical fixation

renal pelvis, bowl of kidney

to crush

urine, urinary tract

ureter

urethra

urination, urine

The removal of a body part or the destruction of its function.

The absence of urine formation by the kidneys.

An abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland.

The progressive loss of renal function over months or years.

Inflammation of the bladder.

A hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall; also called a prolapsed bladder.

A stone located in the urinary bladder.

The surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall.

The visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope.

A procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function.

The increased output of urine.

The final stage of chronic kidney disease that is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are successfully replaced by dialysis or with a successful kidney transplant.

The involuntary discharge of urine.

A congenital abnormality affecting the opening of the urethral opening. In the male, the opening is located on the upper surface of the penis. In the female, the urethral opening is located in the region of the clitoris.

The use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel to break up kidney stones into fragments, which are then excreted in the urine.

A form of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine.

A procedure that filters waste products directly from the patient's blood to replace the function of damaged kidneys.

The dilation of one or both kidneys that is the result of an obstruction of the flow of urine.

Distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked.

The presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine.

The presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood.

A congenital abnormality in the placement of the urethral opening. In the male, the urethral opening is on the under surface of the penis. In the female, the urethral opening is into the vagina.

The inability to control the excretion of urine and/or feces.

A chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder.

A radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters using a contrast medium to diagnose changes in the urinary tract.

A stone located in the kidney; also known as renal calculus or a kidney stone.

The presence of a stone or stones in the kidney.

The freeing of a kidney from adhesions.

The microscopic functional units of each kidney where urine is produced through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

Any kidney disease including degenerative and inflammatory conditions.

The prolapse, or dropping down, of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands; also known as a floating kidney.

Suppuration of the kidney.

The placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body.

A groups of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine, resulting in abnormally low levels of protein in the blood.

A urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination.

Frequent and excessive urination during the night.

Urinary incontinence during sleep.

Scanty urination.

The surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back.

Dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood.

An inherited kidney disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys leading eventually to kidney failure.

Excessive urination.

A disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatichyperplasia.

The surgical repair of the ureter and renal pelvis.

A surgical incision into the renal pelvis.

The placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made in the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone.

A toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which urea and other waste products are retained in the blood; also known as uremic poisoning.

The distention of a ureter.

A stone located anywhere along the ureter.

The discharge of blood from a ureter.

The surgical suturing of a ureter.

Inflammation of the urethra.

The surgical fixation of the urethra to nearby tissue, usually for the correction of urinary stress incontinence.

Bleeding from the urethra.

Narrowing of the urethra.

A surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture.

The insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes, to drain urine from the bladder when the patient is unable to urinate, or to place medication into the bladder.

An abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina.

A diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra.

A rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children.

An inflammation of both the renal pelvis and of the kidney.