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Qualitative research involves ______ design.
emergent
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As ______, qualitative researchers tend to be creative and intuitive, putting together an array of data drawn from many resources to arrive at a holistic understanding of a phenomenon.
bricoleurs
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Examples of anthropology (qualitative research).
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Examples of psychology (qualitative research)
- ethology
- ecoglocical psychology
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Examples of philosophy (qualitative research)
- phenomenology
- hermeneutics
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Examples of sociology (qualitative research)
- grounded theory
- ethnomethodology
- semiotics
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Example of sociolinguistics (qualitative research)
discourse analysis
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_________ focuses on the culture of a group of people and relies on extensive fieldwork.
Ethnography
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The fieldwork involved in ethnography usually includes what two things?
- participant observation
- in-depth interviews w/ key informants
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Ethnographers strive to acquire what kind of perspective of a culture?
emic (insider's) rather than etic (outsider's)
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The concept of ________ is used by ethnographers to describe the researcher's significant role in analyzing and interpreting a culture.
researcher as instrument
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The product of ethnographic research is typically a holistic description of the culture, but sometimes the products are ________.
performance ethnographies
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Interpretive scripts that can be performed.
Performance ethnographies
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Nurses sometimes refer to their ethnographic studies as ______.
ethnonursing research
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________ focuses on the organization of professinoal services from the perspective of the front-line workers or clients.
intitutional ethnographics
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_______ focuses on the group or culture to which the researcher belongs.
autoethnographies (or insider research)
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Phenomenology seeks to discover the ______ and _____ of a phenomenon as it is experienced by people.
essence and meaning
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How does phenomenology seek to discover the essence and meaning of a phenomenon as it is experienced by people?
mainly through in-depth interviews w/ people who have had the relevant experience
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_______ seeks to describe lived experiences
Descriptive phenomenology
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In descriptive phenomenology, researchers strive to ______ out preconceived views and to _____ the essence of the phenomenon by remaining open to meanings attributed to it by those who have experienced it.
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A type of phenomenology that focuses on interpreting the meaning of experiences, rather than just describing them.
Interpretetive (hermeneutics)
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_______ aims to discover theoretical precepts in the data.
Grounded theory
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Grounded theory reseachers try to account for people's actions by focusing on the main concern that ______ is designed to resolve.
behavior
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The manner in which people resolve the main concern (behavior) in grounded theory.
core variable
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The goal of grounded theory is to discover the main concern and the ________ that explains how people resolve it.
basic social process (BSP)
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Grounded theory uses _______ comparison.
constant
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______ focuses on the cognitive world of culture, with particular emphasis on the semantic rules and shared meanings that shape behavior.
Ethnosicence (AKA cognitive anthropoogy)
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________ has disciplinary roots in both philosophy & psychology.
Phenomenology
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______ inquiry almost always focuses on meaning and interpretation - how socially and historically conditioned individuals interpret their world within their given context.
hermeneutic
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_______ focuses on the influence of the environment on human behavior, and attempts to identify principles that explain the interdependence of humans and their environmental context.
ecological psychology
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________ seeks to discover how people make sense of their everyday activities and interpret their social worlds, so as to ehave in socially acceptable ways.
Ethnomethodology
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______ is a sociiological and social-psychological tradition with roots in American pragmatism and is sometimes assoc w/ grounded theory.
Symbolic interaction or interactionism
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The study of signs and their meanings.
semiotics
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______ seeks to understand the rules, mechanisms, and structure of conersations and texts.
discourse analysis or conversation analysis
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_____ criticism is concerned with the authenticity of the source
external
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_______ criticism assesses the worth of the evidence.
internal
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_______ entails a critique of existing social structures.
Critical theory
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________ applies the principles of critical theory to the study of cultures.
Critical ethnography
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________ research produces knowledge through close collaboration with groups or communities that are vulnerable to control or oppression by a dominant culture.
Participatory action
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In ____ research, methods take second place to emergent processes that can motivate people and generate community solidarity.
Participatory action
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______ sampling is used to select datat sources that enhance information richness.
Purposive
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_______ sampling entails purposely selecting cases with a wide range of variation.
Maximum variation
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_____ sampling is deliberately reducing variation.
homogeneous
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______ sampling is selecting average, above average, and below average cases.
purposeful
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Grounded theory researchers typically use ______ sampling.
theoretical
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_______ sampling is when decisions are guided in an ongoing fashion by the emerging theory.
theoretical
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Samples of ______ people are typical in grounded theory studies.
20-30
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______ sampling is selecting cases on the basis of their representation of important constructs.
theory-based
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________ sampling is adding new cases based on changes in research circumstances or in response to new leads that develop in the field.
opportunistic
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______ typically work with a small sample of people (10 or fewer).
Phenomenologists
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IN _______ generalization, researchers strive to generalize from particulars to broader conceptualizations and theories.
analytic
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________ is a model of generalizability which involves judgments about whether findings from an inquiry can be extrapolated to a different setting or group of people.
transferability
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Transferability is a collaborative effort b/w researchers who must provide _____ description about their research contexts and the potential users of evidence.
thick
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The ________ model involves a coceptualization abou twhich contexts are more or less like the one in the study.
proximal similarity
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