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Believed people behave as they do because of seeking happiness, the ultimate human good.
Socrates
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Writter of the Republic, went beyond idea happiness requires a virtuous soul & asks why people should be virtuous.
Plato
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Hedonic calculus - value based on which traits
Intensity, Duration, Certainty or Uncertainty, Propinquity or remoteness, fecundity, purity, and extent(for a group)
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Hypothetical Imperative
Compels action in a given situation, what you ought to do depends on what you desire. i.e. I wish to quench my thirst, I must drink something. "Desire"
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Categorical Imperative
Denotes an absolute, unconditional requirement that asserts its authority in all circumstances, both required and justified as an end in itself. "Duty"
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Believed that the grace of Christ was indispensable to human freedom, and he framed the concepts of original sin and just war.
Augustine
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Originial Position
Concept develpoed by Rawls; where a group of rational people who do not know if they will be advantaged or desadvantaged, must establish a set of rules that are fair for all.
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Hedonism
A school which argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic good. A justification for evaluating actions in terms of how much pleasure and how little pain they produce.
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General Justice vs. Particular Justice
Aristotle stated General Justice was universal justice that can only exist in a perfect society and Particular Justice is where punishment is given out for a particular crime or act of injustice.
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