pharmdefs

a chemical used to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease

the study of drugs and their interactions with the body

a test that determines the amount and purity of a given chemical in a preparation in a laboratory

high abuse potential; no accepted medical indications

high abuse potential; accepted medical indications

less abuse potential than I or II, accepted medical indications

low abuse potential

low abuse potential

relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically equivalent drugs

test to ascertain a drug's availability in a biological world

determine the pharmokinetics, toxicity, and safe dose in humans (tested on healthy individuals)

determine the pharmokinetics, toxicity, and safe dose in humans (tested on indiviuals with the disease to be treated)

use to refine therapeutic dose and to collect relevant data on side effects

once Phase III is complete, the manufacturer files a New Drug Application with the FDA

postmarketing analysis during conditional approval

• right patient
• right dose
• right medication
• right route
• right time
• right documentation

medications packages that contain a single dose for a single patient

medication that may deform or kill the fetus

proportion of a drug available in the body to cause either desired or undesired effects

• how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized (biotransformed), and excreted
• how drugs are transported into and out of the body

how a drug interacts with the body to cause its effects

requires the use of energy to move a substance

process in which carrier proteins transport large molecules across the cell membrane

movement of a substance without the use of energy

movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

movement of solvent in a solution from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

to become electrically charged (polar)

amount of a drug that is still active after it reaches its target tissue

tight junctions in the capillary endothelial cells in the central nervous system vasculature through which only non-protein bound, highly lipid soluble drugs can pass

biochemical barrier at the maternal/ fetal interfae that restricts certain molecules

the body's breaking down of chemicals into different chemicals

metabolism of drugs

medication that is not active when administered, but whose biotransformation converts it into active metabolites

the liver's partial or complete inactivation of a drug before it reaches the systemic circulation

the loss of hydrogen atoms or the acceptance of an oxygen atom (increase positive charge/ lessens negative charge)

the breakage of a chemical bond by adding water

delivery of a medication through the GI tract

delivery of a medication outside of the GI tract

specialized protein that combines with a drug resulting in a biochemical effect

force of attraction between a drug and a receptor

a drug's ability to cause the expected response

a chemical that participates in complex cascading reactions that eventually cause a drug's desired effect

binding of a drug or homone to a target cell receptor that causes the number of receptors to decrease

binding of a drug or homone to a target cell receptor that causes the number of receptors to increase

drug that binds to a receptor and causes it to initiate the expected response

drug that binds to a receptor that does not cause it to initiate the expected response