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Biology Chapter 2
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Matter
anything that takes up space and composed of elements
Elements
substance that can't be broken down
Compound
substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
Atom
smallest unit of matter that still retains property of a element
Neutron
no charge
Proton
positive
Electron
negative
1st shell max
2
2nd shell max
8
3rd shell max
8
4, 5, 6... max
18
Atomic nucleus contains...
protons and neutrons
Neutron mass almost identical to..
Proton mass (daltons)
Energy
capacity to cause change
Potential energy
energy matter has because of it location or structure
Electron Shell
electron's state of potential energy
Valence Shell
outermost shell and hold the valence electrons
Elements with shells complete
Inert or Noble gases
Orbital
3D space where an electron is found 90% of the time
Atom's valance
bonding capacity of an atoms
Chemical bond
2 or more atoms share/donate/accept electrons to form molecules and compounds
Covalent Bond
sharing of electrons
Molecule
two or more atoms held together by covalent bond
Single Bond
sharing of one pair of valence electrons
Double bond
sharing of two pairs of valence electrons
Electronegativity
atoms attraction for the electron in a covalent bond
**the more electronegative an atom, the stronger it pulls shared electrons towards itself**
Non-polar covalent bond
atoms share electrons EQUALLY
Polar covalent bond
one is more electronegative (not shared equally)
Ion
charged atom
cation
positively charged ion
anion
negatively charged ion
Ionic bond
attraction between anion and cation forming Ionic compounds (salts)
Hydrogen bond
hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom
Chemical reactions
making and breaking of chemical bonds
reactants
starting molecules of chemical reactions
products
final molecules of a chemical reaction
chemical equilibrium
when the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal
Trace elements
required by an organism
4 Elements in 96% of living matter
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Elements in remaining 4% of matter
Calcium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sulfur
Atomic Number
# of proton
Mass number
sum of protons AND neutrons
Atomic Mass
approximately mass number (number off periodical table)
Isotopes
two atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons
Structural formula
H-H
Molecular formula
H²O
Lewis Dot structure
H:H
Author
abbiew
ID
307604
Card Set
Biology Chapter 2
Description
Principals of Biology Chapter Two
Updated
2015-09-10T04:22:52Z
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