Encs 473

A specific guideline or rule (ex. 5ppm)

Capital structures (ex. dams, mines, powerplants, etc)

• "A statement of general intent and direction that sets out a governments major purpose in pursuing particular goals and some of the means used to achieve them"
• - here's what we would like to do

results from a policy, the legal document that implements the policy

• Environment is valued for the benefits it yields to humans. 
• Benefits: value as a resource, recreation, value for future generations

Resources are valued instrumentally by animals and plant for their values as food or source of solar energy, their value exists whether or not they are useful to humans

Environments are valued for their own sake,  but bc we can't know whether they are valueable independently of our knowledge of such value, humans assign them intrinsic value

Environments are valued for their own sake, this value exists independently of human knowledge of such value, this value is discovered in nature and not assigned

instrumental/demand values, jobs over preservation

Intrinsic values, preservation over jobs

Economic growth good, don't like central planning, like technological innovation

Resource conservation or managerial, sustainable growth a practical option w/ certain rules

resource preservation, constraints needed on economic growth, like central planning

extreme preservation, deindustrialization, bioethics

new ecological paradigm

• Prescriptive rather than descriptive
• more "what should be" instead of "what is"

• understanding how policy process works and understand it as it is
• more why do we wend up where we are?

what you have to give up to get something, cost of the policy is the cost of the most viable alternative

thinks people should be able to do whatever they want with minimal gov't involvement

environmental non government organizations

adopt a policy where you can make at least one person better off and no one else worse off

• social objective is the simple sum of utilities across all individuals
• inequality aversion = 0

• social objective to maximize welfare level of the worst-off in society
• inequality aversion = infinity

• Your income relative to your peers can increase your aspirations
• ex. if your peer makes more than you do, you get mad and want more money even if you don't need it

in order, like a dictionary, or how medals go gold>silver>bronze

• 1. Veil of ignorance
• 2. Risk Averse
• 3. Just reward

• "equate justice with a social contract or agreement that enhances the position of all participants"
• wants to fix prisoner's dilemmas, want everyone to help each other and cooperate

subject to market failure because they are externalities (external to the market)

• Emphasis on economic markets rather than deliberation
• prices good bc they aggregate information and the tastes of numerous people
• sensible decision must be the product of a decentralized market bc it incorporates many minds

carbon tax, offsets, environmental auctions, etc

• A theorem about the relative probability of a given group of individuals arriving at a correct decision
• The size of the group matters, more ppl you have the more likely they'll make the right decision as a group

exchange-traded markets created for the purpose of trading the outcome of events. The market prices can indicate what the crowd thinks the probability of the event is.

• Relationship between government, bureaucracy, and NGOs that results in the mutual benefit of all three
• - hard for others to have any say if they're not in the iron triangle

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