Anatomy and Physiology

small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed_________________.

The pancreas is not a lymphatic structure?
True False

The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called_____________.

Both lymph and blood flow are heavily dependant on ______________.

The thymus is most active during ______________.

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

What effect does age have on size of the thymus?

The lymphatic capillaries are___________.

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are releases by _____________.

Lymph leaves a node via _________________.

Which cells become immunocompotent due to thymic hormones?

When the lymphatic structures are blocked due to tumors, the result is ______________.

Lymph transport depends on the movement of of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles?
True False

T cells are the only form of lymphocytes found in lymphoid tissue?
True False

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________________.

The thymus is not a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?
True False

Peyer's pathces are found in the _______________.

Lymph capillaries are absent in all but which of the following?
A) bones and teeth
B) CNS
C) digestive organs
D) bone marrow

What is bubo?

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not:

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ___________.

Functions of the spleen do not include_____________.

B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood?
True False

Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except_____________.
A) palatine tonsils
B) lingual tonsils
C) Peyer's patches
D) islets of Langerhans

Which of the following is not a method that maintains lymph flow?

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the __________________.

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?
A) ions
B) plasma proteins
C) red blood cells
D) water

A sentinal node is _________.

Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue?
A) house and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes
B) furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages
C) A and C
D) house and provide a proliferation site for neutrophils

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
A) draining excess interstitial fluid
B) transporting dietary fats
C) transporting respiratory gases
D) carrying out immune responses

Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes?
A) produce lymphoid cells and granular WBC's
B) serve as antigen surveillance areas
C) act as lymph filters and activate the immune system
D) produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid

The bodies water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?
A) hydrogen ions
B) calcium ions
C) sodium ions
D) potassium ions

The term hypotonic hydration refers to _____________.

Hypoproteinemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by __________________.

Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extra-cellular fluid?
A) antidiuretic hormone
B) renin
C) aldosterone
D) erythropoietin

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ________________.

Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________________.

Which of the following two organs function as the most important physiological buffer systems?
A) the adrenal glands and the testes
B) the thyroid gland and the heart
C) the lungs and the kidneys
D) the stomach and the liver

Which of the choices below is not an essential role of salts in the body?
A) membrane permeability
B) neuromuscular activity
C) secretory activity
D) anabolism of proteins

The fluid link between the external and internal enviroment is ________________.

Newborn infants have a relatively higher ___________ content in their ECF than do adults.

Although sodium is mainly found in the extracellular fluid, most __________ is found in the intracellular fluid.

Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?
A) K⁺ mainly in the cells, Na⁺ in the body fluids
B) Na⁺ mainly in the cells, K⁺ in the body fluids
C) equal amounts of each ion in the cels and body fluids
D) little of either in the cells, but large amounts of each in the body fluids

problems with fluid, and acid-base balance are particularly common in infants because of their _____________.

The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is ________________.

The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ___________ buffer system.

A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates______________.

The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ___________.

What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?

Which of the following is not a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood?
A) diet
B) chemical buffer system
C) respiratory changes
D) renal mechanism

Which of the following is not a chamical buffer system?
A) protein
B) bicarbonate
C) nucleic acid
D) phosphate

Extracellular fluid in the human body is composed of all of the following except____________.
A) lymph and interstitial fluid
B) cerebrospinal fluid
C) glucose
D) blood plasma

Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts?
True False

Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys?
A) atrial natriuretic peptide
B) antidiuretic hormone
C) thymosin
D) aldosterone

The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of _____________.

Which of the following is not a disorder of water balance?
A) excessive hydration due to excess ADH secretion
B) excess water in interstitial spaces due to a low level of plasma proteins
C) edema or tissue swelling, which is usually due to an increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
D) hypotonic hydration, in which sodium content is normal but water content is high

The regulation of sodium ______________.

Kidney tubule cells are able to synthesize bicarbonate ion?
True False

Blood analysis indicates low pH, and patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely?
A) respiratory alkalosis
B) metabolic alkalosis
C) metabolic acidosis
D) respiratory acidosis

A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely diagnosis?

One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is ___________.

Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted french fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology?

The most important force causing net water flow across capillary walls is ______________.

Which of the following does not depend on the presence of electrolytes?
A) neuromuscular excitability
B) maintenance of osmotic relations between cells and ECF
C) membrane polarity
D) amount of body fat

The regulation of potassium balance ___________.

Cells on the dorsal surface of the two-layered embryonic disc migrate to form a raised groove known as the ____________.

The result of polyspermy in humans is____________.

It is impossible for sperm to be functional (able to fertilize the egg) until after _______________.

Milk ejection or letdown reflex is stimulated by which of the following hormones associated with pregnancy?
A) inhibin
B) prolactin
C) gonadotropin
D) oxytocin

Estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining and prepare the mammary glands to secrete milk. Which of the following structures makes this possible during the first three months of pregnancy?
A) corpus luteum
B) corona radiata
C) the amnion
D) the chorion

The placenta, a vitally important metabolic organ, is made up of a contribution from mother and fetus. which portion is from the fetus?

Which of the following is not a germ layer?
A) endoderm
B) ectoderm
C) epiderm
D) mesoderm

The formation of endodermal and ectodermal germ layers occurs at _______________.

Which hormone maintains the viability of the corpus luteum?

Which of the following is a highly unlikely method of producing a child?
A) in vitro fertilzation
B) embryo transfer
C) gamete intrafallopian transfer
D) ectopic implantation

Implantation involves _______________.

The umbilical arteris carry ______________.

The correct sequence o preembryonic structures is _______________.

Temperature is not assessed as part of the apgar score?
True False

Hormones concerned with events of lactation include ___________.

Onset of labor may be a result of all of the following factors except _____________.
A) concentration-related increased emotional and physical stress
B) secretion of oxytocin
C) high estrogen levels
D) aspirin and similar drugs

Millions of sperm cells are destroyed by the vagina's acidic enviroment?
True False

Shortly after implantation ____________.

The dorsal surface cells of the inner cell mass form ______________.

Muscle tissue is formed by the ______________.

Neural tissue is formed by the _________________.

The trophoblast is mostly responsible for forming the ________________.

At which stage of labor is the "afterbirth" expelled?

Inhibin is not produced by the placenta?
True False

During which stage of labor is the fetus delivered?

Aspirin is not considered a teratogen?
True False

Development events during weeks 9-12 include ______________.

Derivatives of the ectoderm include ___________.

Milk ejection or letdown reflex is stimulated by this pregnancy associated hormone