child anemia

• most common hematologic disorder of childhood
• RBC and or Hgb depletion

is able to adapt.

• fatigue
• bruising (clotting factors)
• pale
• muscle weakness
• flat growth chart

• transfusions after hemorrhage
• nutritional interventions for deficiencies

• most prevalent due to inadequate dietary iron. 
• prevent: iron fortified for infants. NO COW MILK and iron supplements for premies

• Autosomal recessive disorder (aa)
• defect in RBC. sickled
• Production does not equal destruction
• vasoocclusion > ischemia > hypoxia > tissue and organ damage

• acute exacerbations of sickle cell crisis
• blood pools in the spleen > splenectomy > decreased immunity
• profound anemia, hypovolemia, shock

• anything that increases body's need for O2 or alters the transport of O2
• trauma, infection, stress, dehydration, and hypothermia

• most common sickle cell crisis
• occlusion >ischemia >infarction
• fever, PAIN, tissue engorgement

• pt and family education.
• recognize s/sx of crisis, help children adjust, and manage the pain

• bone marrow failure where RBC, WBC, platelets are depressed.
• definitive diagnosis: bone marrow is red > yellow fatty marrow.
• tx: immunosuppression therapy and bone marrow transplant

mom - baby + so she receives RhoGam so antibodies don't attack baby #2

• clotting disorder
• Hemophilia a: decrease factor 8. more common
• hemophilia b: Christmas disease factor 9
• Labs: low levels of factor 8,9, and prolonged PTT

• males. X linked
• females are carriers

• replace missing clotting factors
• prevent bleeding and decrease risk of injuries for children with disease.

• monitor VS q 15min
• infuse over 4 hours max
• type and screen: match blood type
• type and cross: agglutination (clotting)

hemolytic, fever (pre medicate), hypothermia (warm underarm), allergies, air emboli, and hyperkalemia

• transmission of infection
• delayed hemolytic reaction: destruction of RBC

removal of blood > separation of blood into its components

• Beta chain most commonly affected
• defect in the RBC > weak RBC > shortened RBC life
• both patents must be carriers (Aa) to have baby with disease

• cooley anemia (aa)
• 1:4 chance if both parents are carriers
• severe anemia, need transfusions to survive

• minor: asymptomatic
• trait: mild microcytic anemia
• intermediate: moderate/severe anemia and splenomegaly
• major: transfusions needed

• pallor
• failure to thrive
• large spleen and liver
• severe anemia (hgb:under 6)