The flashcards below were created by user
amanda430
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
How much blood does the heart pump per min?
5-6 L
-
What is the prototype for Inotropics?
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
-
What is the MoA of Digoxin (Lanoxin)?
- +Inotropic
- increased CO
- decreased HR (-chronotropic)
- Antiarrhytmic
- indirect diuretic
-
What is a "loading dose"
Dose / 3 q8hr 3x
-
What is the normal level for K+?
3.5-5.2 mEg/L
-
What are the uses for Digoxin (Lanoxin)?
- Tx HF
- Tx Atrial Arrhythmias
- Tx Sinus Tachycardia
-
What are common ADE for digoxin (Lanoxin)?
N/V, Anorexia, blurred vision, dipolopia, HALOS,Bradycardia, tachycardia, PVCs
-
What is a serious ADE for digoxin (Lanoxin)
Ventricullar fibrillation
-
What are some contraindications for Digoxin (Lanoxin)?
- V tach
- V Fib
- Bradycardia
- Heartblock
- Hypokalemia
-
What are the S&S of Digoxin Toxicity?
- N/V
- Confusion
- Blurred vision
- Bradycardia
- PVCs
-
What is the treatment for Digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity?
- Stop Drug
- Treat symptomatically
-
-
What is Dysrhytmia or Arhythmia
- change in automaticity (rate)
- change in conductivity
- OR both
-
What are dysrhytmias and arrhymias brought on by?
- HYPOXIA
- Ischemia
- Hyper/Hypo Kalemia
-
What does PVC stand for?
Premature ventricular contraction
-
What do Cardiac drugs alter in the heart?
The electrical impulses
-
What are the 4 types of dysrhthmia or arhythmia?
- Sinus
- Atrial
- Nodal or Junctional
- Ventricular
-
What are the flat lines on and EKG called?
isoelectric lines
-
What does the T wave represent on an EKG
repolarization
-
What does the QRS wave represent on an EKG?
depolarization of ventricles
-
What is the prototype for Class I- Na Channel Blockers
Lidocaine (xylocaine)
-
What is the MoA for Lidocaine (xylocaine)?
blocks movement of Na into cardiac cells --> slows down conduction
-
What is Lidocaine (xylocaine) used for?
tx of rapid ventricular arrhythmias
-
What are some common ADE for Lidocaine (xylocaine)?
- hypotension
- Bradycardia
- "lidocaine crazies"
-
What are some serious ADE for Lidocaine (xylocaine)?
-
What is contraindicated with Lidocaine (xylocaine)
- Digoxin Toxicity
- Heart Failure
- Heart Block
- Allergic to med
-
What is the prototype for Class II: Beta Adrenergic Blockers?
Propranolol (Inderal)
-
What is the MoA of Propranolol (Inderal)?
- Block SNS --> Slows ventricular conduction
- -Chronotropic
- -inotropic
-
What is Propranolol (Inderal) used for?
- tx rapid ventricular arrhythmia
- HTN
- Angina
-
What are the common/serious ADE for Propranolol (Inderal)?
- Common: Bradycardia, hypotension, lethargy
- Serious: Bronchoconstriction
-
What is the prototype for Class III: K CHannel Blockers?
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
-
What is the MoA of Amiodarone (Cordarone)?
Slows repolarization and prolongs refractory period
-
What is Amiodarone (Coradarone) used for?
Tx life threatening arrhythmias
-
What are the common ADE of Amiodarone (Coradarone)?
- CNS depressant
- GI stimulation
- Hypotension
-
What are the serious and black box warnings for Amiodarone (Cordarone)?
- Pulmonary toxicity
- Exacerbation of arrhythmia being tx
- hepatotoxicity
-
What is the prototype for Class IV: Ca channel blockers?
Verapamil (Calan)
-
What is the MoA of Verapamil (Calan)?
Slows depolarization
-
What is Verapamil (Calan) used to treat?
-
What are common ADE of Verapamil (Calan)?
- constipation
- dizziness
- orthostatic hypotension
- edema
-
What are serious ADE of Verapamil (Calan)?
-
Name some non-pharmacological treatments go arrhytmias
- Treat the underlying disorder
- Valsalva or carotid artery massage
- Defibrillate
- Pacemakers
- Ablation (destroy group of offending cells)
-
Define Abalation
destroying a group of offending cells
-
What are the 2 main causes of Angina?
- Increased Myocardial O2 demand
- Decreased O2 supply to myocardium
-
Define Atherosclerosis
build up of plaque over time and vessel narrows
-
Define Arteriosclerosis
stiffening or thickening of the vessel walls and the walls no longer dilate/constrict
-
How is stable or Classic Angina relieved?
rest and/or nitroglycerine
-
Name the 3 classifications of antianginal medication
- Nitrates
- Beta Blockers
- CA Channel Blockers
-
What is the prototype for nitrates?
nitroglycerine (Nitrostat)
-
What is the MoA of Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat)
- Dilates veins > decreases preload
- Dilates coronary arteries > increases myocardial flow
- Dilates arterioles > decrease afterload
-
Define preload
decreasing amount of blood getting to the R side of the heart so the heart doesn't have to work as hard
-
What are the uses of Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat)?
Tx and px angina
-
What are the Common and Serious effects of Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat) -Nitrates?
- Common: Headache, orthostatic hypotension
- Serious: Severe hypotension
-
What are some contraindications with Nitrates (Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat))
-
What do you need to be aware of when handling Transdermal Nitro?
Wear gloves!
-
What is the prototype for Beta Blockers?
Propranolol (Inderal)
-
What are the MoA of propranolol (Inderal)?
- Decreased HR > -chronotropic/-inotropic
- Decreased BP > decreased myocardial workload and O2 demand
-
How is propranolol used for as px and tx?
- management of angina
- tx HTN and Arrhythmias
-
What are some common and serious ADE of propranolol (Inderal)?
- Common: Hypotension, bradycardia, lethargy
- Serious: Bronchoconstriction, heart block
-
When do you hold propranolol (Inderal)?
-
What is the prototype of Ca Channel Blockers?
Verapamil (Calan)
-
What is the MoA of Verapamil (Calan)
slows the movement of extracellular Ca into the cell
-
What is Verapamil (Calan) used for?
- Tx Angina when NTG or BB don't work
- Tx HTN
-
What are the common and serious ADEs of Verapamil (Calan)?
- Common: Constipation, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, edema
- Serious: hypotension, bradycardia
-
For verapamil (Calan)
if given orally, how long should you wait to check vitals
If given IV?
-
What are the 4 categories of Diuretics?
- Thiazide (Hydrocholothiazide)
- Loop (Lasix)
- K sparing (spironolactone (Aldactone))
- Osmotic (Mannitol (Osmitrol))
-
What is the type of drug and prototype of thiazide?
- Diuretic
- Hydrocholorothiazide
-
What is the type of drug and prototype of Loop?
- Diuretic
- Furosemide (Lasix)
-
What is the type of drug and prototype of K+ sparing aldosterone Antagonist?
- Diuretic
- Spironolactone (Aldactone)
-
What is the type of drug and prototype of Osmotic?
- Diuretic
- Mannitol (Osmitrol)
-
What are the uses for hydrochlorothiazide?
-
Is Hydrocholothiazide quick acting or not?
Not for immediate diuresis
-
What is lost when taking hydrochlorothiazide?
-
What is lost when taking Lasix (Furosemide)?
-
What is lost when taking spironolactone (aldactone)?
-
Which diuretic increases K+?
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
-
What is lost when taking Mannitol (Osmitrol)?
-
What is furosemide (lasix) used for?
- HTN
- Edema
- CHF
- Renal diuresis
-
Is Furosemide (Lasix) rapid or slow?
rapid
-
What is cautioned with spironolactone (Aldactone)?
Do NOT use K supplements
-
What is Mannitol (Osmitrol) used for?
- Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
- Glaucoma
- Oliguria/Anuria
-
Is Mannitol used short term or long term and how is it administered?
-
What are the K+ levels?
3.5-5.2
-
What are the 2 important things that are important to record when a patient is taking a diuretic?
|
|