Chapter 12

For the purpose of this chapter, multiple-family dwellings are occupancies that house _____ or _____ _____.

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Multi- Family buildings also present serious life-safety risks to fire fighters because of the ____ and _____ of interior layouts.

A fire on an upper floor necessitates a quick, upper-floor ____ and ____ and possible ____ ____ operations, while occupants ____ the fire are usually out of harm’s way. A lower-floor fire endangers occupants on __ floors.

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Muti-Family Dwellings

Many of the same basic elements of fire fighter safety can be applied to all structure fires that have been presented thus far, such as: 

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In Multi-Family dwellings when firefighters are  operating on upper floors it would require the placement of the RIC in a position from which they can respond quickly to a fire fighter in need.  Where should RIC be placed:

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In a large building, an accountability officer should be placed at _____ ____.
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In terms of accountability, because of the poten-tial size of multiple-family dwellings and the num-ber of entrances, there must be an accounting of the responders in the building and where they are at any given time. This can be accomplished through the assignment of ____ _____ ____ _____.
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Victims often require rescue by ______ or  _______  ladders, which creates additional demands on available resources.p.244

General priorities for a multiple-floor search include:

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Search and rescue requires a great commitment of resources because of the area and number of people that may be affected at multifamily building incidents. The IC should be prepared to assign these resources and call for _____ ______ early in the incident, if needed.

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Exposure protection needs at a multifamily building fire are varied. There are several elements that fire fighters should consider when protecting exposures in multiple-family dwellings, including other _____ of the  _____  _____ and _____ ______.p.245

If the hose line is not yet in place, simply _____ an apartment door can ____ the fire spread and help to confine the fire.p.245

The location of the fire in the building dictates the _______ location.
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Both  _____ and _____ ventilation are applicable in these buildings. Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is particularly applicable to _______ ventilation.p.246

Proper ___ ____ _____ and ______ practices are essential to successful outcomes.p.247

Apartment buildings built around the _____ were constructed using a ___ _____ brick exterior with ___ ___ materials used for the interior.

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Apartment Buildings build around the 1900s were between __ and ___  stories in height, approximately __ __ wide and __ __ deep.

A typical older apartment building would have anywhere from__ to  ___ apartments per floor.
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Other possible avenues of fire extension in Older apartments are:

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PRAAUD

A fire originating in an __ or ___ ___ or an apartment fire extending to the shaft can expose adjacent apartments, the floors above the fire apartment, and the adjoining build-ing to the fire.

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Older apartment buildings typically have hazards that stem from the lack of fire protection built into concealed spaces, such as ____ ___. Another important factor to consider is that the building may have been _______ from age and usage prior to the fire.

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Getting the initial hose line between the building’s occupants and the fire may save more lives than trying to perform _____ _____.

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A _____ ____ hazard upon arrival, such as people hanging out of windows or coming down fire escapes, may indicate an even greater life hazard within the building that is not visible from the street.

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For a basement fire, it is crucial that the first hose line is stretched through the front door to the cellar stairs to protect the ___ ____ for evacuating occupants.

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Another vital function at older apartment fires is to have personnel proceed to the roof of the fire build-ing to _______ the stairway.

The company assigned to this critical position of venting the stairway must gain access to the roof by way of an_____ ______ or by using an ______ or ______ _____. This position is never attained by going up the _____ _____of the fire building in this type of structure.

Vertical ventilation in mute-family dwellings : 

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The benefits of horizontal ventila-tion on multifamily dwellings are that it:


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Remember that _____ _____ could result in a backdraft and possibly expose members in the flow path to heat, smoke, and fire.

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____ in older apartment buildings, used in conjunction with horizontal ventilation, is also a viable option.

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When performing horizontal ventilation, it is important to _______ the opening. Doing so increases the survival time of overcome victims by expelling products of combustion and allowing fresh oxygen to enter. Additionally, horizontal ventilation must be coordinated with the ___ so that it can be coordinated with the attack hose line.p.251

Overhaul on older apartment buildings must focus on finding the ___ ___.

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Newer-type apartment buildings built in the late 1900s tend to be ___,____ and ___  than the older apartment buildings previously described

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The biggest structural difference in newer apart-ment buildings is the introduction of unprotected ____ _____.

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Because of the properties of steel, these structures can take on various config-urations such as __,___,__, and double __ buildings.

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Newer Apartment Building
In most cases these buildings have at least ___ wing sections and an area called the ____ that separates the wings.

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Apartments are generally located in the sections, while the stairs and elevators are located in the _____, but it is not unusual to find an  located in the throat section as well.

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Newer Apartment Buildings

The building’s interior stairways are constructed with ___ ____ materials (e.g., metal treads with marble stairs and landings) surrounded by ___ ____ walls. Usually interior apartment walls are  at each floor.

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Unlike older apartment buildings that have only ___ ____, newer build-ings may have ___ _____ depending on the design.

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types of stair layouts:

These stairs serve a certain part of the building. They are a single set of stairs. In many cases, fire-resistive apartment build-ings are divided into sections. Each section has its own address, with its own entrance.

___ stairs are located in each wing of a building. There may be more than one stairway in that wing (for example, front and rear stairs), but you cannot go from one wing to another unless you are in the lobby.

______ stairs are located on opposite sides of a building with multiple wings. 
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Which type of stairs also firefighters to cross from one wing to another on each floor. They are connected via hallways.

These stairs assist and ease evacu-ation, and hose lines can be stretched to any floor in the building from any stairway.

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The ex-tensive use of ____ ____ allows a path for fire travel, as metal conducts heat and allows it to travel its length.

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The key to confining a fire in newer apartment buildings is _____ the fire and getting the hose line to the____ ___ of the building in a reasonable ____ of ____.


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When long hose lines are required, fire fighters should look for a____,a space around the stairs where a hose line can be stretched. If a ___ is present in the building stairs, the hose line should be placed in the ___. One ___ ___ length of hose at the base of the stairs can usually reach five floors.

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In newer buildings, the roof division can use an
_____ ______ in the fire building, if it is iso-lated from the fire area. However, even if there is an adjoining building, using an ______ ______ is still the preferred method of getting to the roof.

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Each apartment is usually served by two ___ ____ ____ enclosed stairs on each floor. Because the building is made with ___ _____ construction, loss of life is usually kept to a minimum.

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In the event of an extensive cock-loft fire, _______ operations should take place to isolate the fire from remote sections of the build-ing. Again, this is a last resort, and performed after a sufficient vent hole is cut over the main body of fire.
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The trench should be started approximately ___ to ___ feet from the main ventilation hole, and fire fighters must always be assured of a second way to get off the roof.

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When ventilating newer apartment buildings, fire fighters can pull ceilings on the top floor to examine the cockloft. If fire has extended into the cockloft, ___ ____ should begin immediately.

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Fire-resistive multiple-family dwellings are well- constructed buildings, and fire is usually contained to the apartment on fire, unless the ____ to the entrance has been left open by evacuating tenants.

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Fire departments will use at least one ____ hose line to advance down a hallway where an apartment door has been left open, although fire departments will more often need to use __ ____hose lines for these types of fires.

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A fire fighter with a radio should remain at the ____ __to control water pressure in the hose line.

A final point to be made is that units taking ele-vators to get to the fire floor should stop at least____ floors below the reported fire floor and take the stairs the rest of the way.

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The floor ____ the fire generally does not become an exposure problem in fire-resistive multiple- family dwellings; however, this floor still must be searched.

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When operating in fire-resistive, multiple-family dwellings, at least one stairway needs to be designated as an ______ stairway.

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Exposure protection in fire-resistive multiple- family dwellings should focus on the  on the same floor.

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Depending on staffing levels, the ____ _____ engine companies should ensure that the first line gets put into operation. As engine companies are hooking up the attack lines, ____ ______ can attempt to locate the fire apartment.

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After initial hose lines are stretched, the backup hose line should be stretched from at least __ ____ below the fire floor, from the___  stairway as the initial attack line.

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In most cases,____ _____ is not a major con-sideration in fire-resistive multiple-family dwell-ings because these buildings tend to have multiple floors, as well as other construction elements.

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Another type of multiple-family dwelling that tests firefighting forces is the ___ _____ building. These buildings are constructed solely of wood.


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As many as_____ build-ings can be found in one row.
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Not only are row-frame build-ings quite long, they can also be as tall as ____ sto-ries and deep, with __ or ____ apartments per floor running from the front to the rear of the building.

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Row-frame multiple-family dwellings were built at the turn of the ____ ____.

A general concern in row-frame building fires is the ____ with which fire spreads and the great potential for_____ ____ under fire conditions, taxing fire department resources.


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Row-Frame Multiple-Family Dwellings

The ____ with which water is applied to the fire and the speed of operations may very well dictate whether you lose one building or an entire block of buildings.



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Fires spread in row-frame building in the following ways:


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Row-Frame Multiple-Family Dwellings

Fire fighters proceeding to the roof to perform oper-ations should make every attempt to use an ___ or ____ ____ to get to this position because this would be the safest way to access the roof.

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Row-Frame Multiple-Family Dwellings

However, if the interior of a building must be used to get to the roof, use a building that is______ buildings away from the fire building.p.261

Row-Frame Multiple-Family Dwellings

Units must notify the IC as soon as possible with the following information:

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To confine the fire in the place or apartment of origin, a smaller hose line (__ or ___) is recommended due to its mobility and maneuverability.

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_______ multiple- family dwellings are built using non–fire-resistive construction and materials.

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Brownstone Muti-Family Dwelling

Built in the late 1800s and early 1900s, these buildings are typically ___ to ____ stories in height.p.263

Brownstone Muti-Family Dwelling

Single-room occupancies are individual rooms in an apartment rented out to individuals. The individuals share the same _______ and ______.


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As with row-frame multiple-family dwellings, brown-stones take up _____ ____. The major differences are that the building’s exterior is _____________, and brick walls separate each building. These walls extend through the ______, usually limiting fire to the structure of origin.

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High ceilings on the ____ , or parlor, floor may require the use of _____ pike poles to pull down ceilings.

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Brownstone Muti-Family Dwelling


There are several ways in which fire could extend vertically, including:

When pocket doors are closed, it creates a void for ____ ___ _____.


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Garden Apartments

Construction of these multiple-family dwellings began in the _____ during the baby boomer generation. These buildings are generally constructed of____ flooring, _____ studs, and a ____ roof. They may be covered by siding or brick veneer and may be two to four stories high.p.265

Garden Apartments

These buildings typically have ______ with large glass openings. Fire can extend rapidly through these large openings to upper floors and the cockloft.

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Garden Apartments

The interior stairways serve each floor and sev-eral apartments on each floor. Although there may be hallway and stairway doors on each floor to limit fire and smoke spread, it is not uncommon to find these doors ___ ___.

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Garden Apartments

Often additional apartments or tenant storage can be found in the______ .

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_______ _____ by virtue of style are set back from the parking lot with landscape around them. Additionally, ____ ______ usually cannot be used because they cannot reach the building.


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Garden Apartments

The first hose line should be stretched through the ______ stairway to the apartment containing the fire, or in the case of a basement, to the basement entrance.

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Garden Apartments

____ _____ lines should be positioned to support the confinement and extinguishment effort and should cover adjoining apartments and apart-ments above the fire.

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Garden Apartments

Hose lines may have to be placed ____ the _____  as well to protect the large balcony opening, should fire extend into these areas.


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Both ______ and ______ ventilation are indi-cated for garden apartments, depending on the location of the fire.

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