chen chen

Xenopsylla cheopis primary vector of Bubonic plague

• ndotoxins cause disseminated intravascular coagulation
• (DIC),
• causing tiny clots,
• ischaemic necrosis from the clots.
• DIC results in depletes clotting resources and no longer control bleeding

Yersinia pestis

• is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium
• 

• via arthropod vectors leas ticks.
• Resevoirs Rodents, rabbits, and hares
• contact with contaminated animals or material
• poorly cooked flesh of infected, water, or by inhalation

bacterium Francisella tularensis.[3] A Gram-negative, nonmotile coccobacillus,

• live as a parasite within host cells.
• It primarily infects macrophages,

Tularemia_lesion

R. rickettsii

• the cells lining blood vessels
• severe manifestations involve the respiratory system,
• central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, or renal system.

• zoonotic diseases
• ticks are the natural hosts, serving as both reservoirs and vectors of R. rickettsii.

caused by Rickettsiae

smoky or hazy, describing the state of mind of those affected

• doxycycline,tetracycline,chloramphenicol
• Vaccine

• Coxiella burnetii obligate inracellular need just one
• inhalation of particles in the air
• milk, urine, feces, vaginal mucus, or semen of infected animals not tick borne

Diagnosis is usually based on serology[13][14] (looking for an antibody response) rather than looking for the organism itself

• Q-Vax inactivated vaccine
• doxycycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and hydroxychloroquine.

• incubates 2 to 3 weeks
• flu like, fever, profuse sweat, head ache myalgia
• can progress to pneumonia
• chronic is like inflammation and can affect the heart

• Q fever
• gram negative
• spore in soil
• has been used as a bio weapon

Borrelia burgdorferi

• lyme disease
• deer tick

• include fever, headache, fatigue, depression, and a circular skin rash called erythema migrans
• Left untreated, involve the joints, heart, and central nervous system.

• Gram negative spirochete
• can survive without iron

• LYMErix but withdrawn
• available for dogs
• drugs: doxycycline (in adults), amoxicillin (in children), erythromycin (for pregnant women)

arthritis, peripheral neuropathy and/or encephalomyelitis.

• bacterial toxin
• Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptococcal TSS

high fever, accompanied by low blood pressure, malaise and confusion, which can rapidly progress to stupor, coma, and multi-organ failure.characteristic rash, often seen early in the course of illness, resembles a sunburn

• no rash
• pre existing skin wound
• becomes painful then frogress into similar staphylococcus aureus symtoms but no rash

• Super Antigen bypass antigen presenting and initiate non specific activation of tcells and mass cytokine rlease
• In patients with TSS, up to 20% of the body's T cells can be activated at one time. This polyclonal T-cell population causes a cytokine storm, followed by a multisystem disease.