-
What the two parasites are our primary concern due to regular exposure
- Toxocara sp.
- Ancylostoma sp.
-
T. canis and T. cati cause these two disease due to migration
- Visceral larval migrans - VLM (anywhere in the body)
- ocular larval migrans - OLM (eye only)
-
A. braziliense and A. caninum what two terms are used for this infection, one is general the other is specific to humans
- Cutaneous larval migrans
- creeping eruptions
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What is the percentage of people in the US that may be infected with T. canis or T. cati/mystax
4 - 20%
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What is the etiology for "over eating disease"
Clostridium perfringens
-
T. canis and T. cati (mystax)
Disease:
Transmission:
Role of D and C in transmission:
- VLM, OLM, and covert larval toxocariasis
- ingesting contaminated soil containing eggs
- environmental contamination egg shedding
-
Lyme Disease
Vector:
Etiology:
Symptoms:
- Ixodes scapularis
- Borellia burgdorferi
- joint ill, erythran migrans
-
Bayliascaris procynois
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
Definitive host:
Role of D/C in transmission:
- serious vesceral disease, myocarditis, encephalitis, death, ocular disease.
- rare
- ingesting contaminated soil containing eggs
- raccoon
- environmental contamination - egg shedding -
-
Dirofilaria immitis
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
Role of D/C in transmission:
- Pulmonary coin lesions "heartworm dermatitis"
- rare, but seen in cadavers in med school
- Culex mosquito
- Dog is reservoir for S1 stage
-
Ancylostoma caninum/tubaeformae
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
Role of d/c transmission:
- Cutaneous larval migrans, verminous pneumonia, verminous eosinophilic colitis
- usually due to A. braziliense
- skin penetration
- environmental contamination
-
Ancylostoma braziliense
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
Role of D/c in transmission:
- cutaneous larval migrans, develop "raised serpiginous tracts" on skin. verminous pneumonia
- common
- skin penetration
- environmental contamination
-
Strongyloides stercoralis
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
Role of d/c in transmission:
- Diarrhea and potential for larvae auto-infective strongyloidiasis when immunocompromised
- rare
- skin penetration
- environmental contamination
-
Trichuris vulpis
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
Role of d/c in transmission:
- usually asymptomatic
- rare
- ingesting contaminated soil containing eggs
- environmental contamination
-
Alaria spp.
Prevalence:
Transmission:
Role of c/d in transmission:
- uncommon
- ingestion of vertebrate parentenic host (undercooked frogs)
- small due to raccoon being the definitive host and does most of the environmental contamination
-
Paragonimus killicotti
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
Role of c/d in transmission:
- pulmonary disease atalectstasis, hemoptysis
- only 2 human cases reported
- ingestion of raw crayfish
- more common in wild animals
-
Nanophytes salmincola
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
role of c/d in transmission:
- Myocarditis, encephalitis "salmon poisoning"
- rare
- ingestion of raw fish *actually caused by Neorickettsia helminthoeca*
- environmental contamination
-
Dipylidium caninum
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
Role in d/c transmission:
- asymptomatic
- uncommon
- ingestion of flea containing cysticercoid larvae
- environmental contamination, tape develops in small intestine
-
Mesocestoides spp.
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
- visceral tetrathyridiasis
- rare
- ingestion of vertebrate parantenic host
-
Echinococcus multilocularis
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
Role of d/c transmission:
- multilocular hydatidosis (cyst in liver) always fatal
- rare, was common in Native American tribes in Alaska
- ingestion of eggs passed in feces of fox, dog, cat
- environmental contamination
-
Echinococcus granulosus
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
Role of d/c in transmission:
- Unilocular hydatid disease (typically in the liver very pathogenic)
- rare
- ingestion of eggs
- environmental contamination
-
Spirometra mansonoides
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
role of d/c:
- Sparganosis
- rare
- ingestion of Copepod
- environmental contamination
-
Diphyllobothrium latum
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
role of d/c:
- asymptomatic infection
- uncommon
- ingestion of fish containing perocercoid larvae (mesocestoid larvae)
- environmental contamination
-
Giardia sp.
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
role of d/c:
- Asymptomatic, or intermeittent or chronic diarrhea
- very common, for every 100,000 people, 0.9% - 42.3% are infected
- ingestion
- usually due to other humans
-
Toxoplasma gondii
Disease:
Prevalence:
Transmission:
role of d/c:
- Retinochoroiditis, abortion
- US - canada around 10 - 20%
- ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing bradyzoite or soil
- cat passes in feces
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