chapter 5

The National Fire Protection  Association (NFPA) has set a standard categorization for each type, listed in NFPA 220,   Standard on Types of Building Construction:

WHO Never Farts from 5-1

The main point to remember in the perfor-mance of wood as a structural member is ______ ratio.

The larger the beam, the ______ the load it can carry and the ____the beam can burn before losing its structural integrity.

The second-most important point to remember in wood-frame construction is the _______ used to hold the structural members together.

This type of construction involves a wood stud framing sys-tem in which the studs run continuously the full building height and there is no inherent firestop-ping provided between floors.

The hazard associated with these structures is the ability for the fire to spread ____and ____ throughout the structure without visible indication.

In _____ construction there can be early col-lapse of the ___ and  in these structures as the fire destroys the mass of the wood near the connec-tion points.

The   ______, sometimes referred to as   west-ern framing, is the most common type of new frame construction in use today.

The platform framing method creates a _______ on each floor and an inherent ____ between each floor.

You can sometimes   identify platform framing construction by offset _____. .

Remember, in the balloon-frame construction, the doors and windows were stacked _____.

The  ______   is a framing system using posts (vertical members) and beams (horizontal members) to create a load-bearing frame connected by rigid points.

A very common and controversial construction method uses _________.

Which frame is an engineered construction in which the entire structure is tied together into a unitized frame?

In the truss frame construction  which walls are load bearing and built in the typical platform-frame method.

Truss frame construction can be used for build-ings up to _______ .

The inte-gral part of the truss system is that each member is _______ the next.

A_____is basically a number of triangles put together at the desired span and height. These triangles are typ-ically fastened using a ______, which is a metal plate about _____ thick that has been stamped to make jagged teeth on one side (the thickness will vary a bit based on design requirements).

Defects in the wood members, such as warpage, shrinkage, and torn or lifted grain, can____ the members. The loading can cause the wood mem-bers to bend and deform. The biggest concern is the condition of the  _______  methods.

________ are also called gang nailers, staple plates, or metal tooth plate connectors.

The metal staple is designed to penetrate the wood from 0.25 to ____ inches, but often can be found with a penetration of less than ____ inches.

Treating wood with phosphates and sul-fates to protect from fire caused problems. The plywood begins to deteriorate due to high ______ and tempera-tures in attics and cocklofts. This deterioration of the plywood caused it to become _____, enough to  _____ under the weight of a person walking on the roof.

Heavy timber construction, referred to by some as______, is constructed with very large- dimension lumber. The heavy timber construction is capable of sustaining massive loads commonly found in ________.

The exterior walls of the heavy timber construc-tion are made of ______.

The hazard in heavy timber structures is that the walls and ceilings are typically ______ and lack any real fire _______.

_____, heavy timber or mill, construction can be found in many older factory towns, old barns, and storage buildings. .

Type IV construction has an inherent built-in fire protection in the size of the _____ and ____. Remember that wood loses its strength by losing its _____.

_______ is composed of masonry load-bearing walls with wood-joisted floors and a wood roof.

The building materials for the load- bearing walls in ordinary construction consist of brick, _______, or both.

The thickness of walls can vary from __ to ___ inches.

Ordinary construction are used for _____, hotels, motels, _______, retail buildings, and other commer-cial and light industrial purposes. They typically run ______stories tall, although there have been some built to heights of _____.

In ordinary construction the floors are constructed of wood joists and often are covered with at least ___-thick tongue-and-grooved boards.

The ordinary constructed building has the load-bearing walls along the _____ part of the building.

In some older ordinary construction buildings, you might see a star, a letter    S   , a channel, a circle, or another decorative device on the exterior of the building, his device called a _____.

A _______, is used to spread a load between two or more struc-tural members.

There are two types of spreaders

_____, noncombustible, construction employs building materials that will ____ ___ fuel to the fire but that can suffer from the effects of the fire. .

Noncombustible  buildings often have exposed ______ and iron beams that can _____ and fail during fires.

______ fire-resistive building is built with steel, concrete, and other fire-resistive or fire-rated mate-rials.

________ buildings are built with struc-tural components that will not burn and that will resist the effects of fire for a long period of time.

The typi-cal rule of thumb for the expansion of unprotected steel is_____ for every _____ at approximately ____. Because of the effects fire has on steel, it is usually covered with a ________ material. Steel fail at _____.

The top and bottom members of the truss are called the  ____. The inside members are called the ___ . The trusses are tied together with connecting members called ___,  and the connections are ____.

The most dangerous truss is the   ______. It is easy to identify by its _____ top chord. .

_________ are common in bowling alleys, skating rinks, and other large buildings requiring a long, uninterrupted span.

The most common truss for roof construction is the ______. This truss is found in most of today’s homes and small commercial buildings.

___________ is triangular in shape to provide the peaked roof. The trusses are placed close together— __ to __inches on center.

The trusses used in Type ____ commercial structures are typically all steel.

The opening between the top and bottom chords of a parallel chord truss

The shortcoming of truss construction is the same as that we find with any construction method: _________

When a lightweight wooden truss burns, it quickly loses its ____ and its structural stability

A connecting member, such as a gusset plate, that holds the truss members together.

Engineered lumber products include the laminated beam and engi-neered ___.

The top and bottom boards of an engineered wood I-beam , referred to as the ____.

The flanges of the engineered wood I beam are typically _______, whereas the web is plywood, ________or some other type of wood laminated together.

The primary hazard associated the engineered wood I beam is that it is relatively ______ and therefore more susceptible to deterioration and failure under _______.

The inside members of the truss is a____.