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Kinematics (Linear and projectile motion)
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Kinematics (displacement vs. distance, average velocity vs. average speed, acceleration)
Displacement is the change in position independent of path length
Distance is the length of the path
Average velocity is displacement over time
Average speed is distance over time
Acceleration is v/t
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Work and Power
- W=Fdcosθ
- Wnet=ΔKE
- If force is perpendicular to displacement, work is zero
- Power = W/t or Fvcosθ
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Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, Total mechanical Energy, Mechanical Advantage, Work-energy theorem, conservation of energy, mechanical advantage
- KE=1/2*mv^2
- PE=mgh
- E=PE+KE
- W(total)=ΔKE
- KE+PE(initial)=KE+PE(final)
- Increase distance causes a lower force
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Momentum, impulse, conservation of momentum, elastic collision, inelastic collision, perfectly inelastic collision
- p=mv
- J=F(average)t=Δp
- p(initial)=p(final)
- KE(initial)=KE(final)
- KE(initial) doesn't = KE(final)
- Objects stick and move together
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Newton's Laws
A body in motion is stay in motion (same for rest) unless acted upon by a net force
A body will be accelerated in the same direction of the net force applied to it (F=ma)
All forces are equal and opposite in direction
All matter experience attractive force
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Frictional forces (Static, Kinetic, centripetal)
0≤fs≤μsFN
fk=μkFN
Ac=v2/r
Fc=mv2/r
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Center of mass and torque
Xcm=(m1x1+m2x2+...)/(m1+m2+...)
τ=rFsinθ=lF
r1mgsinθ=r2Fsinθ
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Fluids (density, specific gravity, weight, absolute pressure, gauge pressure)
ρ=m/V
ρ substance/ρ water
ρgV
P=F/A
- Absolute pressure = atmospheric pressure (typically 105 Pa) + ρgh
- Gauge pressure = absolute pressure-Patm
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Buoyant Force, Floating objects, Flow rate, continuity equation, Bernoulli's equation, Pascal's principle, velocity, relationships
F b=ρgV submerged
Fractions of floating object that is submerged = ρ object/ρ fluid
A 1v 1=A 2v 2
P+1/2ρv 2+ρgh (for state 1)=P+1/2ρv 2+ρgh
ΔP=A 1F 2=A 2F 1 and W=F 1h1=F 2h 2

velocity inverse with area and pressure
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Coulomb's Law, Electric field, Electric potential, Potential difference, Electric potential energy
F=kq 1q 2/d 2
E=F/q=kq/d 2
V=kq/dU=qΔV=kq1q2/d
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Current, Ohms Law, Power, Resistance
Current is the flow of electric charge; opposite of electron flow, electrons flow from negative terminal through circuit to positive terminal)
V=IR
P=IV=I 2R=V 2/R
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Series circuits
Req=R1+R2+R3+...
I=I1=I2=I3=...
V=V1+V2+V3+...
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Parallel circuits
Req=(R1+R2+R3+...)-1
I=I1+I2+I3+...
V=V1=V2=V3=...
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Capacitance, Energy stored, Equivalent capacitance
C=Q/V (farad)
PE=1/2QV=1/2CV2=1/2Q2/C
Adding dielectric increases capacitance
Series: Ceq=(C1+C2+C3+...)-1
Parallel: Ceq=C1+C2+C3+...
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Magnetic force on charge+RH rule, force on current-carrying wire + RH rule, magnetic field
FB=qvBsinθ (fingers in B, thumb in v, palm is FB)
qvB=mv2/r
FB=ILBsinθ (thumb points in direction of current, fingers curl in B)
B=μ0I1I2/d (Tesla)
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Period, Frequency, angular frequency, simple harmonic motion, mass spring (force, energy, frequency)
T=seconds/cycle
f=1/T or cycles/second
ω=2πf
Period and frequency are independent of amplitude
F s=-kx, PE=1/2kx 2,
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Pendulum (frequency, at equilibrium, at amplitude)
Equilibrium: v is max, a = 0, KE is max, PE=0
Amplitude: v=0, a is max, KE=0, PE is max
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Wavelength, Young's modulus, velocity, string attached at each end, open pipe, closed pipe
v=fλ
Young's Modulus = (F*L 0)/(A*ΔL)
String: λ n=2L/n (n=1,2,3...)
Open pipe: λ n=2L/n (n=1,2,3...)
Closed pipe: λ n=4L/n (n=1,3,5...)
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Speed of sound relationships, intensity, Beats, Doppler effect
higher density = lower resistance to compression = lower spreed
f beat=|f 1-f 2|
 (Vo is + if observer moves toward source; Vs is - if source moves toward observer, + on top and - on bottom if both coming closer)
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Light, diffraction, refraction, snell's law
- lights is an electromagnetic wave that does not need a medium
- wsinθ=nλ (n=1,2,3...)
- n=c/v
- n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2 (n2>n1 light bends toward normal)
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Mirrors
Spherical: Real images formed on same side as object; virtual images formed on side opposite of object
- Concave: f=r/2, CCMIBEV (ConCave Mirror Inside focal length image is Behind mirror, Enlarged, and Virtual)
- Convex: f=-r/2, CVMVUO (ConVex Mirror Virtual Upright Only)
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Lenses
Converging: f is positive, CVLBRI (ConVerging Lens Beyond focal point image is Real and Inverted) Diverging: f is negative, DVLVSSO (DiVerging Lens Virtual Image Only Same-side Smaller )
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Mirror/lens equation, magnification equation
1/f=1/do + 1/di
m=-i/o
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