chen chen Nosocomial infection

• Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Acinetobacter baumannii
• Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
• Clostridium difficile
• Tuberculosis
• Urinary tract infection
• Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
• GastroenteritisVancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
• Legionella

People on mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube for at least 48 hours.

• Normally pneumoniae is caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, or S. aureus.
• However, in the hospital the organism associated with pneumonia is most often Pseudomonas,

fever, low body temperature, purulent sputum, and hypoxia (decreasing amounts of oxygen in the blood).

• increasing numbers of white blood cells
• new shadows (infiltrates) on a chest x-ray as is indicative of a pneumonia
• Blood cultures may reveal the microorganisms causing VAP

• facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus and is the most common cause of staph infections.
• nosocomial infections, often causing postsurgical wound infections.

• troublesome in hospitals, where patients with open wounds,
• invasive devices and weakened immune systems are at greater risk of infection than the general public

• gram-negative bacterium, which is resistant to most antibiotics
• severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream and other parts of the body.