-
a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a water solution
acid
-
blood that is too acidic
acidotic
-
blood is too basic
alkalotic
-
a negatively charged ion
anion
-
the smallest particle of an element that can be part of a chemical reaction
atom
-
the unit of measurement for combined atomic and molecular weights
atomic mass units (AMU)
-
the number of protons that an element contains
atomic number
-
the average mass of an element's atoms
atomic weight (AW)
-
a substance that decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions
base
-
any substance that can reversibly bind H+
buffer
-
fast-acting defenses for acid-base changes, providing almost immediate protection against changes in the hydrogen ion concentration of extracellular fluid.
buffer systems
-
substances that increase the reaction speed, but are unchanged themselves at the end of the reaction.
catalysts
-
a positively charged ion
cation
-
pure substances consisting of atoms combined in specific ratios that can be split into simpler substances by chemical reactions
chemical compound
-
a state of balance in a chemical reaction
chemical equilibrium
-
combinations of individual symbols
chemical formula
-
a change in the chemical makeup of a substance
chemical properties
-
a change brought about by the interaction of one or more chemicals
chemical reaction
-
a partial charge in an atom that can be either negative or positive
dipole
-
satls that break up into ions
electrolytes
-
a subatomic particle that is negatively charged and spins around the outside of the atom's nucleus
electron
-
a pure substance that contain only one type of atom
element
-
a chemical reaction that requires energy and absorbs heat
endothermic
-
the measurement of the heat of a reaction
enthalpy
-
protein catalysts designed to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions
enzymes
-
a chemical reaction that releases heat
exothermic
-
a weak electrostatic attraction between two atoms on different molecules, usually involving hydrogen and either oxygen or nitrogen
hydrogen bond
-
easily dissolved in water
hydrophillic
-
not easily dissolved in water
hydrophobic
-
electrically charged particles
ions
-
atoms with the same atomic number, but a different mass number
isotopes
-
is a bond that is formed when two atoms react in such a way that their electrons are transferred from one atom to another
ionic bond
-
the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
mass number (A)
-
any substance that has mass and occupies space
matter
-
the concentration of electrolytes in a certain volume of solution
milliequivalents
-
the result of blending two or more substances together
mixture
-
a unit of base measure of atoms in which one mole of substance has a mass that is equal to the molecular weight of the substance
mole
-
the chemical term for the strenght of solutions, which is expressed in terms of the numbers of moles of solid dissolved in solvent to yield a given volume of solution
molarity (M)
-
the average mass of a substance's molecules
molecular weight (MW)
-
the smallest particle of a compound that still retains the properties of that compound
molecule
-
a subatomic particle that is not charged and located in the nucleus of the atom
neutron
-
the center of an atom where the protons and neutrons are located
nucleus
-
the study of the chemistry of compounds that contain carbon, as well as related compounds
organic chemistry
-
a table that contains the symbols, chemical properties, and full names of all the elements
periodic table
-
end result of a chemical reaction
product
-
a positively-charged subatomic particle located in the nucleus of the atom
proton
-
a substance that is uniform in its composition and chemical properties and connot be easily separated
pure substance
-
the precursor or starting substance of a chemical reaction
reactant
-
small divisions of atoms that cannot be distinguished separately as different elements
subatomic particles
-
compounds that dissolve in water and separate into their original ions
water soluble
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