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Population
population is everyone in a section (depends on the question)
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Sample (most of the time)
is the subset of the population
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Parameter
dealing with population
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statistic
dealing with sample
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Descriptive Statistics
when you take a sample and describe those people or results
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inferential Statistics
When you use the results to make an educated guess
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time series data
when you are measuring one concept and con-pairing it across time daily , weekly, or monthly...
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cross-sectional data
you are get more than one piece of information and comparing the two
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Qualitative Variable (proxy)
- (Categorical) some question with the answer in words. ex what your favorite color?
- proxy- any use of number is simply as a proxy for a verbal concept
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quantitative variable- Discrete vs Continuous
- (numerical) questions that deal with numbers
- discrete- is a countable, whole number (ex number of ppl in class)
- continuous-theoretically can assume an infinite number of values within a interval (ex dollars, weight, money,investment return)
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Nominal vs Ordinal Scale
- (Categorical)
- Nominal- the order is not agreed order, simply names/labels (ex what's your favorite store? gender, color of shirt)
- Ordinal- labels with a commonly recognized order to them (ex class standing, level of satisfaction)
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Interval vs Ratio scale
- (Numerical)
- interval-intervals have meaning, but there is no "absolute 0" (ex ACT Scores, temperature, clock time)
- ratio- there is an "absolute 0" defined such that ratio comparisons are accurate (ex class exam scores, money,height, length of time)
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for qualitative (categorical) data what kind of charts can we use?
- Pie charts
- Bar charts
- column chart
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name three type of graph used to display numerical data
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