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Spastic Hemiparesis
Arm is immobile against the body, with flexion of the shoulder, elbow, wrist fingers, and adduction of shoulder. Leg is stiff and extended and drags toe in a semicircle. Uppermotor neuron lesion; CVA
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Cerebellar Ataxia
Staggering, wide-based gait; difficulty with turns; uncoordinated movement with positive Rombegs sign. Alcohol effect on cerebelum, cerebellar tumor, MS
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Parkinsonism
Posture is stooped; trunk pitched forward; elbows, hips, and knees are flexed. Steps are sort and shuffling. Hesitation to begin walking. Difficulty with change in direction.
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Peripheral Neuropathy
Loss of sensation involves all modalities. Mostly severe distally (hands and feet) Anesthesia zone gradually merges into a hypoesthesia, then becomes normal. Diabetes, chronic alcoholism, nutritional deficiency.
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Decorticate Rigidity
Flexion of arm wrist of fingers, adduction of arm against thorax. Lower extremity extension. Hemispheric lesion of cerebral cortex
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Decerebrate Rigidity
Upperextremities adducted, lower extremities stiffly extended. Teeth clenched. Hyperextended back. Lesion in brain stem at midbrain 
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Flaccid Quadriplegia
Complete loss of muscle tone and paralysis of all four extremities, completely non functional brain stem.
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Opisthotons
Prolonged arching of back with head and heels bent backward. Meningial irriatation.
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Babinski Reflex
- Stroke lateral aspect and across ball of foot
- Abnormal: extension of great toe, fanning of toes. Indicates corticospinal tract disease, stroke, trauma
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Kernig
- In flat position, raise leg straight or flex thigh on abdomen, then extend knee.
- Abnormal: resistance to straightening, pain down posterior thigh. Indicates meningitis
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