ABSITE ch 10 nutrition.txt

Daily caloric needs

calories in each gram of protein

calories in each gram of fat

calories in each gram of oral carbohydrate

calories in each gram of dextrose

daily protein needs

increase in caloric requirements in times of trauma or stress

inc kcal requirement in pregnancy

inc kcal requirement in lactation

equation to determine caloric needs in burn patients

equation to determine protein needs in burn patients

increase in basal metabolic rate for each body temp degree >38

equation calculating basal energy expenditure

Adjusted body weight

fuel for colonocytes

fuel for small bowel enterocytes

primary fuel for neoplastic cells

half-life of albumin

half-life of transferrin

half-life of prealbumin

ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed

RQ demonstrating lipogenesis (overfeeding)

RQ demonstrating ketosis and fat oxygenation (starvation)

RQ of pure fat metabolism

RQ of pure protein metabolism

RQ of pure carbohydrate metabolism

organ that contains glucose-6-phosphatase

main source of energy in trauma and starvation

bacterial overgrowth with increased intestinal permeability to bacteria due to starved enterocytes

fuel for brain during starvation

obligate glucose users in the body (4)

cytokine mediating cachexia

Severe protein deficiency

Severe starvation

Adrenal response to injury/trauma

Cardiac response to trauma/injury

Pancreatic response to trauma/injury

Pituitary response to trauma/injury

Amount of protein that contains 1g nitrogen

nitrogen balance equation

total protein synthesis in a healthy normal 70kg male

amino acids preferentially generated from skeletal muscle breakdown

aggregates of bile salts, long chain free-fatty acids, and monoacylglycerides

factor that increases absorption area for fats, helping to form micelles

factor used to synthesize bile salts

fat types that enter enterocytes by simple diffusion

enzyme that clears chylomicrons from the blood

structure formed when micelles and other fatty acids enter enterocytes

fats that enter the portal system

fats that enter lymphatics

most important route of entry for dietary cholesterol; synthesized in liver

Fats used for fuel by cardiac and skeletal muscles

Preferred energy source for liver, heart, and skeletal muscle

Enzyme that breaks down TAGs to fatty acids and glycerol

Essential fatty acids (2)

Omega 3 fatty acids (3)

Omega 6 fatty acids (3)

First enzyme of carbohydrate digestion

Carbohydrates absorbed by secondary active transport into portal vein

Carbohydrates absorbed by facilitated diffusion into portal vein

Fructose + glucose

Galactose + glucose

Glucose + glucose

First enzyme for protein digestion

Nonessential amino acids

Branched chain amino acids

Vitamin deficiency causing hyperglycemia, encephalopathy, neuropathy

Vitamin deficiency causing cardiomyopathy, weakness and hairloss

Vitamin deficiency causing pancytopenia

Vitamin deficiency causing poor wound healing, hair loss, rash

Vitamin deficiency causing weakness, encephalopathy, decreased phagocytosis

Vitamin deficiency causing wernicke�s encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy

Vitamin deficiency causing sideroblastic anemia, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy

Vitamin deficiency causing megaloblastic anemia, peripheral neuropathy, beefy tongue

Vitamin deficiency causing megaloblastic anemia and glossitis

Vitamin deficiency causing pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia)

Vitamin deficiency causing night blindness

Vitamin deficiency causing coagulopathy

Vitamin deficiency causing rickets, osteomalacia

Vitamin deficiency causing neuropathy