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edeleon
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T or F: a hormone is a chemical messenger that is released into the bloodstream throughout the body
true
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What are the 3 types of hormones? Which ones are hydrophilic and hydrophobic?
- Peptide: chain of amino acids (hydrophilic)
- amino acid based (hydrophilic)
- Steroids: based on cholesterol (hydrophobic)
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What 3 things trigger the release of hormones?
- 1. Tropic hormones: hormones triggering other hormones
- 2. Environmental stimuli: strething of things, levels of glucose, calcium, etc.
- 3. Nervous system
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What are the 4 main glands?
- 1. Pituitary
- 2. Thyroid
- 3. Pancreas
- 4. Adrenal
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Which part of the brain is the pituitary attached to?
Hypothalamus
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T or F: the neurons from the hypothalamus extend into the anterior part of the pituitary which release hormones.
False: posterior part
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The hypothalamus releases hormones into the posterior part of the pituitary. What are these 2 hormones?
- Oxytocin: stimulates contractions in labor, leading to more oxytocin, also for lactation of milk, and social bonding between sexes
- ADH: increase BP
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What releasing hormone does the hypothalamus send into the anterior part of the pituitary? what does it do?
GnHR: controls the pituitary release
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What tropic hormone stimulates the pituitary gland to release its hormones?
Thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH)
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What tropic hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex?
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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What are the two gonadotropis hormones?
- Luteinizing hormones (LH)
- Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH)
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What does LH do for men and for women?
- Men: triggers release of testosterone
- Women: Triggers ovulation for women and formation of corpus luteam
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What cells make progesterone?
Corpus luteum
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What does FSH do for men and for women?
- Men: stimulates sperm production
- Women: stimulates development of follicle (egg + associated structures), in the ovary (makes estrogen)
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How are LH and FSH initiated?
The hypothalamus release GnRH into the pituitary gland, which then release LH & FSH
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What does prolactin do?
promotes lactation
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Where is the thyroid located?
on top of the trachea
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What do T3 and T4 hormones need for production?
Iodine
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What is goiter?
Occurs in the pituitary gland when it enlarges from not enough iodine
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T o F: thyroid gland regulates metabolism
true
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What is the function of calcitonin and what gland secretes it?
Thyroid: stores away calcium
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What are the 2 functions of the parathyroid glands?
- 1. releases hormones if Ca++ levels are low
- 2. Tells body to dissolve some bone to increase available Ca++
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What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
making digestive enzymes and HCO3-
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What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?
- 1. makes insulin: tells cells glucose are available and to take in
- 2. Makes glucagon: when sugar levels are dropping, it tells body to release stored glucose
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What is another name for the adrenal gland and its location?
Suprarenal gland: on top of the kidney
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In the adrenal gland, what hormone does the adrenal medulla release?
Epinephrine
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In the adrenal cortex, there are 3 parts (outer, middle, inner) what hormone does the outer and inner parts release?
- Both release steroid hormones
- Outer: mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone
- Inner: sex hormones
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What hormone does the middle part of the adrenal cortex release? what does it do?
- Glucocorticoids: primarily Cortisol
- Also called stress hormones, it shifts the balance of how body focuses its energy to deal with stressful situations
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