If a client is taking anti-inflammatories or blood thinners it is contraindicated to perform:
C. ) Friction techniques
Reasoning: Using aggressive friction techniques can cause pooling of blood and easy bruising.
Inaccuracies will occur in performing orthopedic testings if:
A. ) It is repeated too many times
Reasoning: When performing tests such as muscle lengthening, applying too many times will begin to stress the muscle and stretch it not just assess it. Or active resistive repeated more then three times can fatigue the muscle and give the appearance of decreased strength.
When performing a client assessment before treatments, an effective therapist will?
D. ) Balance the neutral caring approach and the technical investigative approach
Reasoning: During assessments it is essential that you gain the trust of the client through your words and observations. Be observant to the client's facial expressions or tensing muscles during testing of a pathology.
Don’t be afraid to perform an assessment because of pain. Knowing the actions that cause pain, limitations of ROM, willingness of client, and pain tolerance will help to know how to approach treatment. "Please stop
the motion when the pain begins and return to neutral" Is used over and over again in active assessments.
What regulates the body temperature and is known as the thermostat of the body?
D. ) Hypothalamus
Reasoning: Through autonomic nervous system pathways, the hypothalamus continually regulates body temperature around a set point of 96¼ to 100¼ by
initiating heat-loss or heat-promoting mechanisms. Also called Homeostasis.
Most long nerve fibers are covered with a whitish, fatty material that is called:
C. ) Myelin
Reasoning: Myelin has a waxy appearance that protects and insulates the fibers of the axon to increase the transmission rate of nerve impulses. Dendrites are part of the neuron that extend from the cell body to convey messages TOWARD the cell body.
Which of the following pathologies in not a condition of the Central Nervous System?
B. ) Radial Nerve Lesions
Reasoning: Conditions of the Central Nervous Systems (CNS): Communication skills,
poliomyelitis. Radial nerve lesions is a peripheral nervous system condition.
What are considered the main supportive components of the nervous system?
D. ) Neurons
Reasoning: Neurons are the main structural component of the nervous system where much of the activity happens.
What is the main portion or the shaft of the bone called?
Diaphysis
The use of radiography to detect spinal subluxations and misalignment is within which scope of practice?
Chiropractic
Which of the following body systems is in charge of muscular development?
B. ) Endocrine system
Reasoning: The endocrine system releases growth hormone to insure normal muscle
development. Thyroxine and catecholamine hormones regulate muscle metabolism. The muscular activity promotes catecholamine release and muscles mechanically protect endocrine glands.
The "Yellow Emperor's Classics of Internal Medicine", China's oldest Medical book, contained massage treatments for:
C. ) Paralysis and reduced circulation
In a passive ROM testing what two muscles are assessed when the foot is placed in inversion?
C. ) Fibularis (peroneus) longus and extensor digitorum longus
Reasoning: Passive ROM tests the antagonist muscles, in this case the muscles that Evert the foot. Active ROM and resistive ROM test the prime movers. Prime movers for Inversion= tibialis anterior /posterior, flexor
digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, and extensor hallucis longus. Antagonists for Eversion= extensor digitorum longus, fibularis
(peroneus) longus, and brevis.
How many curvatures are in the spine?
4
What system in the body regulates and maintains tissue fluids and combats disease?
Lymphatic system
What contains educational and ethical standards for your profession?
A. ) The laws
Reasoning: The laws contain educational and ethical standards for your profession. The laws vary from state to state, sometimes even city to city. Some states still have no regulations.
Which muscle group is located between the SCM and anterior flap of the Trapezius and unilaterally rotates the head and neck to the opposite side?
A. ) Scalenes
Reasoning: Scalenes are sandwiched in between SCM (Sternocleidomastoid) and
Trapezius; Splenius Capitis is deep to the Trapezius and Rhomboids rotates the head and neck to the same side.
What term is indicated when a client becomes emotional after meeting with their MT because their MT resembles a relative that has just passed away?
A. ) Reflexive
Reasoning: A reflexive response happens when fragile feelings are present because of situations or memories. Ask if alone time is needed before the massage begins or if they need to reschedule. They may also need the
option, if available, to request another therapist.
The structure that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is:
D. ) Pulmonary arteries
Reasoning: Pulmonary arteries carry blood away from the heart towards the lungs to pick up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide. Oxygen-rich blood is then returned to the left side of the heart (pulmonary circulation)
How many Kilocalories does each gram of fat produce?
9
When trying to determine if your client is in the acute or chronic stage of inflammation, when would pain manifest to the affected area?
D. ) Acute pain is aggravated by activity and when at rest and chronic is only with specific activity
Out of all the muscles that attach to the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints, what muscle would be assessed when flexion is performed?
C. ) Palmaris longus
Reasoning: Flexion of the elbow: biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris (assists), palmaris longus, pronator teres (assists), extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis (assist). The triceps brachii and anconeus extend the elbow.
What body system maintains posture, produces body heat, and movement?
Muscular
Of the following choices, what would be a mechanical force causing a wound?
D. ) Trauma
Palpation is always performed _________, starting with the unaffected side.
A. ) Bilaterally
Reasoning: Unaffected tissue is compared to the affected tissue being aware of anatomy and fiber direction.
All of the following muscles share the same attachment site:
B. ) Biceps brachii, Coracobrachialis, and Pectoralis minor
Reasoning: The coracoid process of the scapula is the origin of the short head on
biceps brachii and the coracobrachialis. This structure also is the insertion for pectoralis minor.
For treatment of a repeat client it is best to:
C. ) Review the client's health history (HH)/SOAP's and request feedback on effects of the treatment
What body system is in charge of regulating body temperature and transporting nutrients / hormones?
Circulatory system
To treat trigger points and check for fascial restrictions with Petrissage, what type would be used as an assessment technique?
B. ) Skin rolling
Reasoning: Skin rolling= the skin is lifted between the thumb and fingers and gently rolled over the area being treated or assessed.
In a ninth century temple carving in India, who can be found getting a massage?
Buddha
Choose from the following the definition of profession?
C. ) An occupation requiring training and specialized study
Reasoning: Profession is defined as: An occupation requiring training and specialized study.
The literal translation of shiatsu is:
A. ) Finger pressure
Reasoning: Shi= finger, atsu= pressure. There is no needling involved with shiatsu
massage. Pressure is applied along points on the meridians to create a healthy flow of ki.
What is the connective tissue called within the medullary cavity?
Bone marrow
The hamstring muscles from lateral to medial are?
Biceps femoris, semitendenosus, and semimembranosus
Each state has varying regulations, which of the following is the best overall definition of scope of practice?
A. ) The knowledge base and practice parameters of a profession
If a client comes to you with a headache that has referred pain, it is most likely a:
B. ) Tension headache
Reasoning: Tension headaches have bilateral pain, migraine, cluster and chronic paroxysmal hemicrania have unilateral pain. Tension headaches are caused by trigger points with referral pain.
In acute conditions it is best to do all of the following except?
D. ) Reduce or remove protective muscle spasms
Reasoning: Reflex muscle guarding is due to a local tissue injury present in acute stages of a condition. The muscle spasm serves to functionally splint the injured structures, reducing movement, and preventing further
injury. Removing could cause longer recovery time.
What are the three steps to follow in an emergency?
Check-Call-Care
What does Lymphatic drainage technique reduces?
Edema and pain
What is the declaration of the general principles of acceptable, ethical, and professional behavior by which massage therapists agree to conduct their practice?
Code of ethics
Rationale: Code of ethics= general principles for professional behavior.
The deltopectoral triangle sites of caution consist of:
Cephalic vein, clavicular artery, and pectoral nerve
*The border structures that make up the deltopectoral triangle are the clavicle, deltoid, and pectoralis major and contain the cephalic vein, clavicular artery, and pectoral nerve.
A cramp is?
a prolonged muscle spasm
What body system produces blood cells and stores minerals?
Skeletal
For the effectiveness of the massage, a comfortable balance of communication from both the client and the therapist is:
D. ) Ideal for treatment
What is the name of the French surgeon (1510-1590) who wrote a book on massage and its surgical application for patients?
Ambroise Pare
A client comes to you with pain and dizziness when they turn their neck, they think the pain could be from a small MVA last week. When you perform your ROM testing you notice extreme muscle weakness and they complain of difficulty swallowing. What should you do?
D. ) Thoroughly document the initial assessment and refer client to a physician for assessment before massage treatment
Reasoning: To avoid aggravation of possible fractures or dislocations it is best to
first obtain a physician's assessment. Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA).
Which technique is specifically intended to disrupt and break down existing and forming adhesions in muscles, tendons, and ligaments?
B. ) Cross-fiber friction
reasoning: By using compression and motion the therapist's fingers or thumb do not
slide over the skin, instead the superficial tissues are moved over the
deeper ones.
What technique is used to reduce edema, ease pain, lower the chance of scar tissue formation, and remove metabolic waste secondary to edema and inflammation?
Lymphatic drainage
All information given is confidential on a health history intake form unless?
A. ) The client gives specific written permission
Reasoning: State laws vary as to the amount of time you need to keep inactive client information. At any rate you must at all times keep any and all information confidential unless given written permission from client. HCP= Health Care Provider.
A spasm is:
An involuntary, sustained contraction of a muscle
If you cut your finger or have an open hangnail you must use a ___________ during the massage.
C. ) Finger cot
Reasoning: Finger cot is the best answer.
Would you want a reused glove, nasty band aid, or gauze strip on your body? Protect all involved with proper, comfortable tools.
If your client has a moderate anterior pelvic tilt what three muscles would be shortened?
D. ) Iliacus, psoas major and rectus femoris
Reasoning: Anterior pelvic tilt (downward rotation)= short flexors and long extensors. ASIS pulled inferior.
The word massage is derived from:
Greek
What is the purpose of a treatment description?
C. ) Create informed health care consumers
Reasoning: Communicate to client the advantages of the treatment and what they can do after the visit to make lasting differences in their condition.
When a person wears high heel shoes, what muscle is shortened?
Gastrocnemius
You have performed a postural assessment on your client who was in a marathon three days ago, both legs have mild lateral rotation, what
muscle would be short and hypertonic?
A. ) Piriformis
Reasoning: Lateral or external rotation indicates that the lateral rotators are tight. A tight piriformis can also endanger the sciatic nerve. Another major muscle for lateral rotation is the Gluteus maximus (all fibers).
You are assessing your clients thumb and find that there is pain on extension and ABduction, what muscle is indicated?
D. ) Abductor pollicis longus
Reasoning: The ABductor pollicis longus performs both extension and ABduction.
A client presents left-side torticollis, what muscle would be shortened and most effected?
B. ) Left SCM
Reasoning: Torticollis is a condition affecting the head and neck area. The head and neck will be laterally flexed on the affected side and the face will be turned away from the affected side. The SCM (sternocleidomastoid)
unilaterally rotates the head and neck to the opposite side and laterally flexes the head and neck to the same side and is the main
offender in torticollis.
What is the name of the two brothers who introduced Swedish Massage to the United States in 1856?
Dr. Charles Fayette Taylor and Dr. George Henry Taylor
The body's molecule for energy is:
C. ) ATP
Reasoning: ATP (adenosine triphosphate): an important compound used as the source of intracellular energy; cellular energy. GH= growth hormone / OXY= Oxytocin / FSH= follicle stimulating; all of these hormones are produced by the pituitary gland.
A person who is lying prone would be?
A. ) On the ventral surface of their body
Reasoning: Prone means lying on their stomach or the ventral/anterior part of their body face down.
Which of the following choices are part of the endocrine system?
C. ) Adrenal, gonads, and thyroid
Reasoning: The endocrine system glands; pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid,
thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries and testes. Pharynx and larynx are part of the respiratory system.
What is Projection?
Applying your own current feelings, emotions, or motivations onto another person
Who can request health history information without written consent of the client?
Anyone by Court Order
Which of the following causes of wounds is a thermal force?
A. ) Chemical
Reasoning: Causes of wounds: Thermal sources (extreme temperatures, chemical and
electrical resulting in a burn). Mechanical forces (trauma, pressure, friction, or sheer forces from an impact between the body and object, or inside body). Types of wounds: Abrasion, laceration, incision, puncture, animal bite, and burns.
What is the best hydro treatment for a client with fibromyalgia?
B. ) Fomentation
Reasoning: Fomentation= Hot moist hydro applied to ease pain. Heliotherapy= therapeutic exposure to sunlight. Ice has the possibility of intensifying the pain.
What forearm muscle would be assessed when both pronation and supination are performed?
Brachioradialis
Generally, any technique applied in a slow, rhythmical, and repetitive manner will evoke a relaxation response and ___________.
A. ) Decrease sympathetic nervous system firing
A trigger point is:
A hyperirritable spot in the soft tissue that often exhibits a predictable referral pain pattern. Do not over-treat or use vigorous techniques to avoid "kick back" pain.
Your client suffers from hyperglycemia, this is a result of:
High blood glucose levels
Which system of the body would regulate the blood pH and exchange gases?
Respiratory system
When assessing the radiocarpal joint, what muscle group would you lengthen to release or decrease mild extension at the wrist?
A. ) Extensors
Reasoning: Relax the prime movers= extensors of the radiocarpal joint; Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digitorum.
A(n) _____ molecule is the primary source for energy in metabolism?
ATP
What two muscles attach to the xiphoid process?
Rectus abdominus and diaphragm
What action is used to assess scapulohumeral rhythm at the scapula or scapulothoracic joint?
D. ) Abduction
Reasoning: Scapulothoracic rhythm is the ratio of motion between the scapulothoracic articulation and the glenohumeral joint, as the arm ABducts through full range. It tests for all joints of the shoulder
Muscles supply ______ to the bones.
Protection
To reduce symptoms, some massage treatments can be temporarily uncomfortable, such as friction. It is best to:
A. ) Work within the clients pain tolerance
What body system detects sensations and controls movements?
Nervous system
What are the three phases in acute inflammation?
1:Change in vascular flow (vasodilation), 2: change in vascular permeability (flood site with WBCs, nutrients and lymph fluid=edema) and 3: cellular events: margination, sticking, diaphedesis, chemotaxis, phagocytosis.
A client comes to you with neck pain. When conducting your postural assessment you notice the head and neck are side bent towards the left, the face turned to the right and left shoulder raised. What is the name
of this pathology?
D. ) Torticollis
Reasoning: The definition for Torticollis is an abnormal positioning of the head and neck relative to the body.
The ___________________ ethical code would be violated if you left a chart open on the counter?
A. ) Confidentiality
Reasoning: All health intake and soap forms should be kept filed away from the public eye, regulating the client confidentiality agreement.
The endocrine system __________________.
D. ) Produces hormones and secretes them into the blood
When scheduling your client for their next massage, it is better to:
A. ) Ask for their day and time preference
Which plane divides the body into right and left equal halves?
D. ) Midsagittal
Reasoning: Midsagittal or median can be viewed as a midline dividing the body into
right and left halves. Sagittal is a vertical cut but not in equal halves. Transverse= horizontal, superior/inferior, and frontal or
coronal is anterior/posterior.
A prolonged deficiency in _______ may cause an enlarged thyroid or weight gain.
Iodine
The muscle that performs opposite actions of the prime mover is an:
Antagonist
What type of ROM testing is used to pinpoint adhesions?
Active resisted
Hydrotherapy is a form of complementary therapy that combines well with
massage, one therapeutic use is analgesic which means a(n):
B. ) Pain relief
Reasoning: Analgesic= pain relief or killer can be with hot, warm, and cold applications.
A(n) ____________ compression is a static compression applied by the
therapist's thumbs, fingertips, or olecranon to a trigger point?
B. ) Ischemic
Reasoning: A trigger point is a hyperirritable spot, usually within a taut band of skeletal muscle or its fascia. While staying within the client's pain tolerance, the pressure used is sufficient to temporarily cause local ischemia in the tissue.
Returning a patient to health through the correction of imbalance using acupuncture, herbal therapy, dietary therapy, and massage are all treatments included in:
C. ) Traditional Chinese medicine
Reasoning: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient Chinese system of
medicine that relates the philosophies of vital life energy (Qi) and Yin/Yang to the presence of wellness or illness.
The endocrine system contains?
B. ) Pituitary, adrenal, and thyroid glands
Which is an example of practicing good business ethics?
B. ) Being honest and confidential
Reasoning: Being honest and confidential is the only professional ethic listed. All of the other choices are forms of personal hygiene.
Decreasing muscle spasm and increasing the resting length of muscles is an effect of:
B. ) Mechanical stimulation of golgi tendon organs
Reasoning: The golgi tendon organs are proprioceptive nerve receptors located in
the tendons near the junction with the muscle. Mechanical stimulation will help decrease muscle spasm and increase the resting length of an acute injury.
You have a client who stands at his workstation on his feet 8-10 hours a day. A PA shows mild increase in thoracic kyphosis, what muscle needs to be strengthened?
D. ) Rhomboid major
Reasoning: Kyphosis shortens the anterior muscles and stretch weakens the posterior
(thoracic) muscles. The pectoralis minor should be lengthened first opening up the shoulder girdle, relaxing the hypotonic short and releasing the stretch on the lengthened muscles.
Which of the following pathologies is not a musculoskeletal injury?
A. ) Pes planus
Reasoning: Musculoskeletal injuries: Scar tissue, wounds/ burns, contusions, strains, sprains, cruciate/ meniscal injuries, dislocations, fracture, and whiplash. Pes planus is a postural dysfunction.
What muscle would you be assessing with a severe downward rotation of the scapulothoracic joint?
A. ) Levator scapula
Reasoning: Downward rotation of the scapulothoracic joint= Levator scapula, rhomboid major and minor.
What bone in the body does not articulate with other bones?
Hyoid
What is the term for the end of a bone that is closest to the trunk?
Proximal epiphysis
Leaving a client's health history document lying on the counter during a massage is:
C. ) Breaching client confidentiality laws
The muscle approximation technique uses the reflex effect of these cells to reduce tone or spasm in a muscle?
C. ) Muscle spindle
Reasoning: Muscle approximation or bringing the ends of the muscle closer together,
lessens the stretch on the muscle spindles reducing muscle tone and spasm.
Of the following groups which is in charge of ABduction and ADduction of the radiocarpal joint?
D. ) ABduction: Extensor carpi radialis longus / brevis, ADduction: Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris
Reasoning: The three muscles that ABduct (radial deviation) the wrist or radiocarpal joint: Extensor carpi radialis longus / brevis and flexor carpi radialis. The two muscle in charge of ADducting or ulnar deviation of the radiocarpal joint (wrist): Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris.
A new client comes to you requesting a full hour massage on his back, what should you do?
A. ) Honor their request
Reasoning: The client is coming to you and knows what they want, be flexible and build rapport and confidence with the client so they will want to return.
Any repeated activity, occupational or recreational, can lead to an/a:
C. ) Overuse injury
Reasoning: An overuse injury occurs when repetitive microtrauma overloads a tissue's ability to repair itself.
Adhesive capsulitis is another name for which pathology?
Frozen shoulder
Which ribs are termed the floating ribs?
11 & 12
The "anatomical stirrup" is comprised of what two muscles?
Tibialis anterior and fibularis (peroneus) longus
Note: The attachment site for both these muscles is on the Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal. The support of the anatomical stirrup (fibularis (peroneus) longus and tibialis anterior) helps prevent the
collapse of the transverse arch.
A lack of vitamin D, pain resulting from inflammation, and direct or indirect trauma of infection can cause:
B. ) Muscle spasm and cramps
Reasoning: Spasm= an involuntary, sustained contraction of a muscle. A cramp is a common or lay term for painful, prolonged muscle spasm. Vitamin D helps to make enzymes that transport calcium which is necessary for normal muscle contractions. TPs are caused by mechanical or postural stresses.
In anatomical position, which bone of the forearm is lateral?
Radius
If your client has a moderate posterior pelvic tilt what three muscles would be lengthened?
A. ) Iliacus, psoas major and rectus femoris
Reasoning: Posterior pelvic tilt (upward rotation)= short extensors an long flexors. ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine) pulled superior.
A hypertonic muscle will _____ when applying acute pressure with deep strokes.
C. ) Release
Reasoning: Muscle spindle cells are the major sensory organ of muscles and aid in the control of movement. When severe or acute pressure is applied, the spindle cells send a message to the central nervous system increasing the tension of the skeletal muscle. The muscle spindle cells react to the pressure by releasing the tension because of the overload of activity, giving up and relaxing. Hence the reason why deep tissue or
cross fiber friction is so effective.
Which of the following choices would the sympathetic nervous system control?
C. ) Constriction of blood vessels
Reasoning: Constriction of blood vessels and increased blood pressure are results of stimulus to the sympathetic nervous system. Slowing down the heart and respiratory rate would come from stimulation of the parasympathetic.
Your client sits at a computer for more than 10 hours a day Monday through Friday, what five muscles of the hip and thigh are shortened?
A. ) Iliacus, psoas major, rectus femoris, sartorius and gluteus medius
Reasoning: When in a sitting position, the hip flexors are shortened: Iliacus, psoas major, rectus femoris, sartorius and gluteus medius (anterior fibers). Lengthened extensors: Gluteus maximus, biceps femoris,
semitendinosus, semimembranosus and gluteus medius (posterior fibers).
How many pairs of nerves branch off of the spine?
31
Note*: There are 31 pairs of nerves branching off of the spine. 8 cervical nerves, 12 thoracic nerves, 5 lumbar nerves, 5 sacral nerves, and 1 coccageal nerve off the spinal cord.
Generally this technique rhythmically compresses and releases the tissue and creates kneading and stretching of tissue layers:
Petrissage
If you were talking about the integumentary system, you would be discussing?
The skin, nails, hair and sweat glands
It is important for truth in advertising in all the following except:
A. ) Quarterly taxes
Reasoning: Taxes are not part of advertising.
What form would you file with the IRS if you had a contract with another company and was paid over $600 for your services?
1099-Misc
Consent to treat is:
B. ) Required by law for therapists regulated under the health care act
Reasoning: The consent to treat or informed consent, is stating that the client
understands and agrees to what the therapist is suggesting for treatment.
______ muscle is not under our conscious control and is termed involuntary?
Smooth
What is the most common cause of death among those who have experienced a burn?
Sepsis
Note*: Sepsis is the most common cause of death in those who have been burned because of the increased risk of infection due to the loss of the protective barrier. As a result of deeper burns, an accompanied affect
is the immune function is depressed. Periostitis and compartment syndromes produce pain in the lower leg. Hyperkyphosis is the increase in normal thoracic kyphotic curve.
