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def and debate
- applying anthropology to solve practical problems
- uses specific goals, aimed at creating change
- BUT issues of potential bias (employed)
- issues of time constraint
- ethicality of fieldwork methods
- reliant on statistical, objective data
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def of development
- a stage of growth or advancement
- activities that bring about these changes
- used as a standard against which different rates of progress are measured (eg developed, underdeveloped countries)
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Modernisation Theory
- Roslow 1950s
- argued societies develop in progressive stages, traditional societies need a "take off" point
- encouraged by loans and investment
- development through economic growth
- local culture should be seen as an obstacle and ignored
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Escobar: Anthropology and Development
- response to failures of economic models
- focusses on social/cultural issues
- argues development is problematic and invasive concept
- used Development Anthropologists in mid 70s for "poverty orientated" programs
- socially relevent/appropriate projects
- seen as cultural intermediaries
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BUT critique on Escobar and development anthro
- DAnthropologtists still assume "development" to be a historical neccessity
- they do not question overall need for it
- assume anthro intervention will always be positive
- otherwise it is "rejectionist" approach
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Human Terrain System - what is it
- US military places anthos in settings of War to collect cultural and social data to be used by US military
- to plan smarter counter insurgency
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AAA - HTS
- condemned
- "weaponised anthropology"
- brings harms to informants
- issues of informed consent and use of information
- issues of full disclosure - anthros cannot be distinguished from army personell (constraint on ability/identity/purpise)
- violations of AAA code of ethics
- should be more transparent/informed
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