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In what era was egyptian embalming
ancient
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Which culture placed a cross on the chest of the deceased or crossed the deceased arms across their chest?
early christians
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Who developed 19th Century development of Chemical embalming?
Dr. Thomas Holmes
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Who was the Father of American Embalming?
Dr. Thomas Holmes
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What was the key to survival & life of the Egyptian people?
Successful preservation of body, mummy remain intact
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Which culture used cypress wood, known as the "eternal wood" for one form of burial container?
Greek
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In acient Egypt, which ingredients were used to prepare a body for burial?
- for wealthy: Natron (salt solution), wine, oils, various spirits, for
- middle class: natron & cedar oil,
- for poor: natron & asphalt "terpentine"
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Who used the term "libitianrious" & to what did it refer?
Roman-he was the "head undertaker" he did business at the temple of Libidinal
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Constantine was an important ruler in which culture?
Roman emperor
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Who discovered formaldehyde?
Butlerov /Russian 1859 & Hofman /German 1868
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Which culture practiced the tearin or "rending" their clothes as a sign of mourning?
Hebrews called it "kriah" rending of clothes as sign of mourning
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For the Egyptians where was the seat of intellect & emotion?
- The heart was the seat of intellect & emotion
- Ba was the soul
- the Ka was the double of indiviual stayed with grave
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Who used the "y" incision to open both the Thorascia & adominal cavities to treat organs?
Dr. Frederick Ruysch/ German
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Which culture set fire to the deceased ship & allowed it to drift out to sea carrying the deceased?
German/Scandinavians (vikings)
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Who invented the injection technique of preserving human remains?
Dr. William Hunter/ Scottish
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Which era was the earlist assumed state of man?
Eolithic era
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Who used the catacombs for the dispostion of their dead & a place of hiding from persectution?
early christians
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Which event in the history of the United States saw the beginning of the use of embalming in this country?
The civil war
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Which culture had burial places known as "trench graves, sunken graves, & chamber graves"
early hebrew culture
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Who discovered capillary circulation?
Marcello Malpighi 1661
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What was the circle of necessity?
it was the 3,000 year journey of the soul to the sun & back to the body then to eternity
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In which culture did the infulential class dress in the well known white toga?
Roman, "white toga" of the influential class
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Which culuture place a gold coin in the deceased mouth to use as a toll for pasage across the river Styx?
Greek to pay Charon the ferryman to cross river Styx
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Who issued a landmark report & supplement on the deplorable condition in english cemeteries?
Edwin Chadwick/English
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In which culture did the "praeco" or "crier' hearled the death of the well to do throughout the streets?
Roman
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Who was the Author of the undertaker's manual, the first book published in the USA specifically as an embalming?
Dr. August Renouard
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In Egyptian history, what was the walled suburb of a major city where the embalming was performed called?
Necropolis
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Who were believed to have thrown their dead to horders of wild dogs?
mongolians
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Which culture is associated with Basar which referred to the "flesh"
early hebrews
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What event in europe is believed to have caused the need for great sanitation methods than ever before?
The plagues-bubonic, black death, great plague of London, plague of 1547
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Which culture believed in a land of the dead or netherworld known as shoel?
early hebrews
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Which culture is believed to be the first to practice creamation?
Greeks
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Which culture hired professional mourners as part of their funeral procession?
Greek in the procession hired female mourners & dirge singers also the Hebrew
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Which culture believed in a three headed dog, cerebrus, that guarded the entrance of hades?
Greek
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Which culture used the term Valhalla?
German/Scandinvians
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Which culture bured & entomed their dead along the major roadways leading from the capital city?
Romans
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In egyptian embalming practices, what were canopic jars used to store?
body parts-liver, stomach, lungs & intestines
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Which culture, credited as first in practicing cremation, was believed to be the first to develop the use of urns for holding creamted remains?
Greek
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Which culture used the "designator" as a master of ceremonies & director of the funeral procession?
Roman
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Which culture used hieroglypic inscription?
Egyptian
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Which culture used the term "nefresh"
hebrew
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Which culture established the first cemeteries as we know them today?
early christians
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Which culture "stelae, kiones, trapezae & nardia" in referring to different types of burial places?
- Stelae=shaft
- kiones=column
- trapezae=square cut tomb
- nardia= temple like
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Which culture developed suptuary laws to regulate the cost of funerals?
Romans-under Constantine
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Which greek historian is known as the "father of history"?
Herodotus
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Which culture practiced "wife burning"
Hidustanis
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Who is the father of embalming?
Frederick Ruysch
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Who invented the crash bag/diaster pouch?
Dr. Thomas Holmes
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Which culture first to establish the "kiss of peace"
early christians
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What were the names of the sons of Horace, what was the symbol of their jars & what did the Jar contain?
- Imset=Human head-liver-water
- Duamutef-Jackal's Head-stomach-fire
- Hapi-Ape's head-lungs-earth
- Qebeh-Snewef-Hawk's head-intestines-air
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