Cardiovascular System

Mean effective filling pressure of the heart ventricle is substantially affected by:
a. Ventricular contractility and heart rate
b. Blood volume
c. Intrathoracic pressure during inspirium
d. Ventricular systolic compliance

In the condition of constant flow in the system of tubes:
A. Reduction of the diameter of the tubs results in decrease of the rate of flow
B. Increase of the diameter of the tube increases the rate of flow
C. The lateral inside pressure decreases if the diameter of the tubs enlarges
D. The flow of liquid is independent on the diameter of the tube
E. The lateral inside pressure decreases if the diameter of the tube is reduced

The major part of the blood volume is usually in:
A. Heart
B. Pulmonary veins
C. Capillaries
D. Large veins
E. Large arteries

The important property of the Purkynje fibres is:
A. Tetanic contraction
B.Fast conductance of impulses
C. Amplification of impulses
D. They are responsible for cardiac rythmicity
E. Slow conductance of impulses

Mean rate of blood flow in the aorta is:
A. Is increased because of turbulence
B. Inversely related to the diameter of aorta
C. Independent on cardiac putput
D. Approx. 10 cm/sec
E. Smaller than in a. carotis

Peripheral vascular resistance is:
A. Dilatation of the large vessels which results in the blood storge
B. Resistance of the vessels in muscles which prevents muscular fatigue
C. Resistance to blood flow in the systemic vasculature
D. Resistance of elastic fibers in the vascular wall which prevents excessive lenghtening of the arteries
E. Peripheral muscular contraction which prevents excessive blood flow

Decrease of the transmural pressure in the carotic sinus results in:
A. Decrease of the ventricular diastolic pressure
B. Decrease of the cardiac contractility
C. Dilatation of heart atria
D. Decrease of the cardiac putput
E. Increase of peripheral vascular resistance

According to "myogenic mechanism" of the blood flow autoregulation the increase of the blood pressure in arterioles results in:
A. Increase of the tissue blood flow
B. Decrease of vascular tonus
C. Decrease of the peripheral vascular resistance
D. Increase of the peripheral vascular resistance
E. Decrease of blood flow

Adrenergic stimulation of the heart results in:
A. Increase of the renal blood flow
B. Increase of the coronary blood flow
C. Generalized vasodilatation
D. Generalize vasoconstriction
E. Increase of the blood flow in the skin

The heart work almost equals:
A. Kinetic energy of ejected blood
B. Area of pressure / volume relationship o the ventricle
C. Index of tension increment in time
D. Systolic blood pressure
E. Heart rate

The main cardiac and vasomotoric center is located in:
A. Pons and medula oblongata
B. Brain cortex
C. Hypothalamus
D. Carotic sinus

In normal conditions is in capillaries:
A. Very small hematocrit
B. The small volume of blood (approx. 5%) only
C. The blood flow is more rapid than in arterioles
D. Very rapid blood flow
E. 25% of the total blood volume

The is first heart sound is:
A. Isotonic contraction
B. Isotonic relaxation
C. Related to segment ST in ECG
D. Isovolumic contraction
E. Isovolumic relaxation

P vawe in ECG is:
A. At the end of ventricular contraction
B. At the beginning of ventricular contraction
C. At the beginning of ejection phase
D. At the beginning of atrial contraction
E. At the end of atrial contraction

Vasoconstriction activity of sympaticus is decreased after stimulation of
A. Carotid bodies
B. Pain receptors
C. Carotic sinus
D. Chemoreceptors in brain stem
E. Osmoreceptors

Cardiac output in resting person is approx:
A. 9.5 l/min
B. 4 l/min
C. 2 l/min
D. 7.5 l/min
E. 5.25 l/min

Normal man has in 100 ml of blood approx.:
A. less then 5 g of Hb
B. 10 mg of Hb
C. 5 mg of Hb
D. 10 g of Hb
E. 16 g of Hb

The regional blood flow is regulated mainly by the local metabolic activity in
A. Muscle
B. Skin
C. Kidney
D. Bone
E. Brain

Cardiac index is the relation of:
A. Cardiac output and body surface area
B. Cardiac output and cardiac work
C. Systolic volume and body surface area
D. Cardiac output and body weight
E. Cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance

The increase of pressure in carotid sinus results in:
A. Reflex increase of venous pressure
B. Reflex bradycardia
C. Decrease of venous pressure
D. Reflex hyperpnoe
E. Increase of heart rate

The common features of cardiac and skeletal muscles are:
a. Both are striated
b. Both contain actin and myosin
c. Strength of contractin is related to the muscle length
d. Both have intrinsic rythmicity