Cardiovascular System

Mean effective filling pressure of the heart ventricle is substantially affected by:
a. Ventricular contractility and heart rate
b. Blood volume
c. Intrathoracic pressure during inspirium
d. Ventricular systolic compliance

In the condition of constant flow in the system of tubes:
A. The lateral inside pressure decreases if the diameter of the tube is reduced
B. Reduction of the diameter of the tubs results in decrease of the rate of flow
C. The lateral inside pressure decreases if the diameter of the tubs enlarges
D. The flow of liquid is independent on the diameter of the tube
E. Increase of the diameter of the tube increases the rate of flow

The major part of the blood volume is usually in:
A. Capillaries
B. Large veins
C. Heart
D. Pulmonary veins
E. Large arteries

The important property of the Purkynje fibres is:
A. Fast conductance of impulses
B. Tetanic contraction
C. Slow conductance of impulses
D. They are responsible for cardiac rythmicity
E. Amplification of impulses

Mean rate of blood flow in the aorta is:
A. Smaller than in a. carotis
B. Independent on cardiac putput
C. Approx. 10 cm/sec
D. Is increased because of turbulence
E. Inversely related to the diameter of aorta

Peripheral vascular resistance is:
A. Dilatation of the large vessels which results in the blood storge
B. Resistance to blood flow in the systemic vasculature
C. Peripheral muscular contraction which prevents excessive blood flow
D. Resistance of elastic fibers in the vascular wall which prevents excessive lenghtening of the arteries
E. Resistance of the vessels in muscles which prevents muscular fatigue

Decrease of the transmural pressure in the carotic sinus results in:
A. Dilatation of heart atria
B. Increase of peripheral vascular resistance
C. Decrease of the cardiac contractility
D. Decrease of the cardiac putput
E. Decrease of the ventricular diastolic pressure

According to "myogenic mechanism" of the blood flow autoregulation the increase of the blood pressure in arterioles results in:
A. Decrease of blood flow
B. Increase of the peripheral vascular resistance
C. Increase of the tissue blood flow
D. Decrease of the peripheral vascular resistance
E. Decrease of vascular tonus

Adrenergic stimulation of the heart results in:
A. Increase of the renal blood flow
B. Increase of the coronary blood flow
C. Increase of the blood flow in the skin
D. Generalize vasoconstriction
E. Generalized vasodilatation

The heart work almost equals:
A. Kinetic energy of ejected blood
B. Index of tension increment in time
C. Heart rate
D. Area of pressure / volume relationship o the ventricle
E. Systolic blood pressure

The main cardiac and vasomotoric center is located in:
A. Pons and medula oblongata
B. Carotic sinus
C. Brain cortex
D. Hypothalamus

In normal conditions is in capillaries:
a. 25% of the total blood volume
b. The small volume of blood (approx. 5%) only
c. Very rapid blood flow
d. The blood flow is more rapid than in arterioles
e. Very small hematocrit

The is first heart sound is:
A. Isotonic contraction
B. Isovolumic relaxation
C. Related to segment ST in ECG
D. Isotonic relaxation
E. Isovolumic contraction

P vawe in ECG is:
A. At the beginning of ventricular contraction
B. At the end of ventricular contraction
C. At the beginning of atrial contraction
D. At the end of atrial contraction
E. At the beginning of ejection phase

Vasoconstriction activity of sympaticus is decreased after stimulation of
A. Pain receptors
B. Chemoreceptors in brain stem
C. Osmoreceptors
D. Carotid bodies
E. Carotic sinus

Cardiac output in resting person is approx:
A. 5.25 l/min
B. 2 l/min
C. 7.5 l/min
D. 4 l/min
E. 9.5 l/min

Normal man has in 100 ml of blood approx.:
A. 10 g of Hb
B. 5 mg of Hb
C. less then 5 g of Hb
D. 16 g of Hb
E. 10 mg of Hb

The regional blood flow is regulated mainly by the local metabolic activity in
A. Skin
B. Brain
C. Muscle
D. Bone
E. Kidney

Cardiac index is the relation of:
A. Cardiac output and cardiac work
B. Cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance
C. Systolic volume and body surface area
D. Cardiac output and body surface area
E. Cardiac output and body weight

The increase of pressure in carotid sinus results in:
A. Increase of heart rate
B. Reflex bradycardia
C. Reflex increase of venous pressure
D. Decrease of venous pressure
E. Reflex hyperpnoe

The common features of cardiac and skeletal muscles are:
a. Both are striated
b. Both contain actin and myosin
c. Strength of contractin is related to the muscle length
d. Both have intrinsic rythmicity