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Ecological roles
- decomposers/detrivores
- parasites
- mutualists
- lichens
- endosymbionts
- mycorrhizae
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general characteristics
- haploid hyphae
- coenocytic
- septate
- mycelium
- chitin in cell walls
- always heterotrophic – digest then absorb nutrients
- reproduce sexually and asexually
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phyla of kingdom fungi
- Zygomycota
- Ascomycota
- Basidiomycota
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Zygomycota: bread molds
- haploid, coenocytic hyphae
- may reproduce asexually by spores
- SEX:
- zygosporangium encloses zygospore (2n)
- zygospore undergoes meiosis to produce hap spores that are dispersed
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Ascomycota: sac fungi
- includes many yeasts
- hap, septate hyphae
- often reproduce asexually
- SEX:
- 1 hypha produces ascogonium w/ many, gen identical hap nuclei
- ascogonium produces outgrowth that attaches to antheridium on gen distinct hypha
- antheridium on hypha contains many, gen identical nuclei
- nuclei migrate: antheridium >ascogonium&pair w/ ascogonium’s nuclei
- dikaryotic cells form, producing mycelium. dikaryotic cells at periphery of ascocarp undergo kayogamy
- zygote (2n) undergoes meiosis
- hap spores housed in ascus
- asci break open, releasing haploid spores to start cycle over
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Basidiomycota: includes true mushrooms
- haploid, septate hyphae
- seldom reproduce asexually
- SEX:
- 1 hypha fuses w/gen diff hypha & their hap nuclei pair
- dikaryotic cells form, producing mycelium
- dikaryotic cells make up stem, cap, gills of mushroom
- dikaryotic cells on periphery of gills undergo kayogamy
- zygote (2n) undergoes meiosis
- hap spores (basidiospores) produced on basidium
- basidiospores released from gills to start cycle over
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how carnivorous plants catch prey
modified leaves:
- provide containers with digestive liquids
- act as snap traps (the original mouse trap)
- secrete sticky substances (the original fly paper)
- generate a vacuum (area of lower pressure)
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