Viural Diseases 6.4

viruses are obligate intracellular parasites which contain either ____ or ____.

viruses are dependent on _____ cellular bochemical system for replication.

RNA viruses cause many ______.

viruses may be as small as ________ nm.

true or false
viruses possess both DNA and RNA together.
True False

what is encased in the capsid?

what are the two shapes of the capsid?

this protects viral nucleic acid from degradative host cellular enzyme.

Capsids are assembled from _________ protein subunits

this may surround the capsid?

the envelope is polypeptide backbone together with lipids and carbohydrates acquired from what?

true or flase
the presence of envelope is used to characterize viruses
True False

to lack the componets necessary for independent life and replication.

this is the complete virus particle

this is a generic term referring to inflammation of liver.

true or false
hepatitis is caused by viruses, bacteria, drugs, toxins, excessive alcohol.
True False

these types of hepatitis mainly attacks the liver with little direct effect on other organ systems.

EBV and CMV may cause what types of hepatitis?

these types of hepatitis involve the liver secondarily in the course of systemic infection of another body system.

what are the four phases of acute hepatitis?

this is the phase of acute hepatitis when a patient develops infection but no clinical symptoms have manifested.

this is the phase of acute hepatitis when patient exhibits clinical symptoms of infection but no jaundice is present.

this is the phase of acute hepatitis when jaundice becomes present.

This is the phase of acute hepatitis when recovery takes place.

this is the typical form of hepatitis, jaudice is present.

this is a rare form of hepatitis where full hepatic failure takes place.

this is an early mild form of hepatitis.

this form of heaptitis occurs in 10% of acute cases and lasts longer than six months.

this type of jaundic is formerly called infectious hepatitis or short incubation, contains a single strand of RNA.

what is the route of transmission for HAV?

HAV is rarely ___________ acquired.

true or false
hepatitis A virus rarely causes fulminant acute hepatitis
True False

in what type of hepatitis does a chronic carrier state and chronic hepatitis NOT occur.

what is the average incubation period for HAV?

what is the incubation range for HAV?

what is the only place that the heatitis A virus can be found?

what is the testing method for hepatitis A virus?

what is the testing method for hepatitis A IgM and total antibodies?

if a patient is positive for Heatitis A IgM and positive for Total antibody what is the condition?

if a patient is negative for Hepatitis A IgM but positive for total antibody what is the condition?

this type of hepatitis is formerly called serum hepatitis or long incubation hepatitis

what is the name of the double shelled particle associated with the Hepatitis B Virus?

this type of hepatitis is a partially double stranded DNA?

what is the route of transmission for HBV?

what are the high-risk donor goups that have been eliminated to reduce the risk of transfusion acquired HBV?

true or false
Hepatitis B Virus patients can have a chronic infection or be asymptomatic
True False

in this type of HBV there is no immunity which leads to liver cell cancer

what is the incubation period for HBV?

this was formerly known as australia antigen

what is the first detectable HBV marker in serum during incubation period, found on the outer coat.

when is HBsAg detectable after exposure? when does it peak?

what is the HBV antigen that is not detected in serum?

this antigen is found in some HBsAg positive people but rarely found in HBsAg negative people?

relationship between HBeAg and the structure of HBV is _______.

this is a reliable marker for presence of high levels of HBV and degree of infectivity.

this is detectable at two moths after exposer and indicates recent infection of HBV?

this is developed during convalescence and recovery of hepatitis B. it is a serological marker for recovery and immunity.

this is seen in acute hepatitis and indicates infection is being resloved.

in early HBV what are the reactions for the following:
HBsAg:
HBeAg:
Anti-HBc IgM:
Anti-HBc total:
Anti-HBe:
Anti-HBs:

for acute hepatitis B what are the reactions in:
HBsAg:
HBeAg:
Anti-HBc IgM:
Anti-HBc total:
Anti-HBe:
Anti-HBs:

For chronic hepatitis B what is the reaction for:
HBsAg:
HBeAg:
Anti-HBc IgM:
Anti-HBc total:
Anti-HBe:
Anti-HBs:

for recovered hepatitis B what are the reactions for:
HBsAg:
HBeAg:
Anti-HBc IgM:
Anti-HBc total:
Anti-HBe:
Anti-HBs:

for immunied patients what will the HBV results be for:
HBsAg:
HBeAg:
Anti-HBc IgM:
Anti-HBc total:
Anti-HBe:
Anti-HBs:

What is the most popular method for detecting Hepatitis B antigens and antibodies?

what type of hepatitis is clinically and epidemiologically similar to hepatitis B?

what is the primary route of transmission for HCV?

what is the maor source of Hepatitis C in dialysis patients?

what percent of acute hepatitis C infections will evolve into chronic hepatitis?

what percent of hepatitis C will progress to serosis which will increase the risk of liver cancer.

what are the seven tests used to detect HCV?

what is the confirmatory test for HCV?

what is the test used to detect low levels of HCV?

this hepatitis was first described as a pathogen which superinfects some patients who are already infected with HBV.

in HDV what is required as a helper because delta is a defective virus?

true or false
people who are HBsAg positive can be infected with HDV.
True False

what are the two places where HDV is common?

where are Delta antigens detected?

how is HDV antigen tested?

what are the two method to detect for HDV antibody?

what are the three test used for delta hepatitis?

this hepatitis, which is similar to HAV, is transmitted through fecal-oral route, and found in devloping countries.

No form of chronic ______ disease has been attributed to HEV.

in what hepatitis are most infections self limited and mild?

in what hepatitis does infection result in fulminant hepatitis in 10-20% pregnant women?

True or false
Serological test for IgM and IgG anti-HEV are now available.
True False

what is the goal in HEV testing?

where are molecular techniques used for HEV?

This is a blood-bourne RNA virus, that frequently occurs as a co-infection with HCV.

who is at risk for HGV?

what test is used in the diagnostic evaluation of HGV?

all hepatitis specimens require a minimum of ___ mL of serum using aseptic technique.

what is the tubes used for Hepatitis testing?

This is an immune disordser which affects T-lymphs

what is the causative agent of AIDS?

what are the three modes of transmission of HIV?

what are the nine sites that the AIDS virus can be isolated from?

what are the ony four secretions that have been implicated in transmission?

what is the stage of AIDS that is asymptomatic, or the patient exhibits mild chronic lymphadenopathy, which lasts for many months to many years?

this is a severe flu-like symptom that is seen in early stage AIDS

this stage of AIDS is seen 2-10 years post initial infection when replication of virus begin again. this stage is called AIDS.

what are the three signs and symptoms associated with late phase AIDS?

what is the AIDS virus structure?

this is an enzyme which converts RNA into DNA

how many strands of RNA are present in the AIDS virus structure?

true or false
AIDS virus contains a reverse transcriptase enzyme.
True False

what are the two components fo the outer envelope of the AIDS virus?

what are the two glycoproteins found in the aids virus outer envelope?

what is the primary composition of the core of the AIDS virus?

what two structures in the core of the AIDS virus and what is their composition?

virus binds to ___ receptors on target cells.

what are the four cells that the AIDS virus binds to?

what percent of B lymphs does the AIDS virus bind to?

this convers RNA into proviral DNA?

this is the causative agent of AIDS in the U.S. and europe

this is associated with immunodeficiency and AIDS in west africa

period between infection and disease may be longer and milder in which form of AIDS?

Ab to HIV-1 appear at about __ weeks after infection.

this type of HIV antibody is not routinely tested alone.

this is the most widely used screening test for AIDS.

true or false
Reactive AIDS results must be retested and confirmed.
True False

if __ out of __ EIA results for AIDS are reactive, report out "repeatedly reactive."

This could cause a false negative on EIA for AIDS.

this could cause a false positive on EIA for AIDS.

what is the confirmation test for AIDS?

in this test, HIV proteins are separated by electrophoresiss, then transferred to nitrocellulose sheets cut into strips. which are incubaed then substrate is added for color which deveops where Ag-Ab reactions occur.

on the western blot test, where does color develop?

on the western blot test, the presence of what two proteins, in conjunction with a postive EIA, are considered positive?

this retrovirus is linked to adult T-cell leukemia and transmitted by transfer of infected cells.

this retrovirus is linked to hairy cell leukemia?

what are three methods used as initial screening methods for other human retroviruses?

what is the confirmatory method for other human retroviruses?

what is the name of the virus that is a memeber of the herpes family which has caused a worldwide endemic?

what are the five means by which cytomegalovirus may be transmitted?

what three fluids may the cytomegalovirus be present in?

what are the two forms of infection in cytomegalovirus?

by adulthood, most individuals have experience asymptomatic contact of this virus.

in cytomegalovirus, occcasionally self-limited, heterophile negative symptoms occur that resemble what illness?

what are the four signs and symptoms of cytomegalovirus?

active CMV infection may be life-threatening for who?

this is one of the most important cause of congenital viral infections in the U.S.

Majority of CMV infected newborns are asymptomatic but ___ manifest damage caused by CMV.

in cytomegalovirus, infected infants can become severely ill and death may occur in __________ infants.

in cytomegalovirsu reactivation of infection in seropositive patients may have increase in ____ antibodies.

what are the three testing methods used to detect cytomegalovirus antibodies?

what is the only testing method to detect cytomegalovirus antigens?

what are the specimen requirements for cytomegalovirus?

what are the two most common manifestations of HSV?

HSV belongs to the herpes family along with what other three viruses?

this virus is generally found in and around oral cavity and skin lesions above waist.

transmission of this herpes virus is usually non-venereal.

this virus is isolated primarily from genital tract and skin lesion below the waist.

transmission of this type of herpes is venereal.

what is the predominant age group for HSV-1

what is the predominant age group for HSV 2?

what are the three testing methods for HSV antigens?

what are the three testing methods for HSV antibodies.

a ____ fold increase or greater in titer indicates primary infection

this virus is also know as german measles.

this is a highly contagious, endemic virus that is transmitted by respiratory secretion.

before widespread immunization of rubella, infection occured mostly in ____________.

what is the incubation period for rubella?

how long are infected persons contagious for? before rash?

infecition by this virus usually lasts for 3-5 days and generally requires little treatment.

pregnant women infected with rubella in what trimester can have devestating effects on fetus?

in-utero infection of rubella can result in fetal death or __________ syndrome.

what are three signs and syndromes of rubella syndrome?

what are the three testing methods for rubella?

what is the testing method used for rapid and convenient testing of rubella?

what is the reference method used in rubella?

what are the specimen requirements for quantitative testing of rubella?

when collecting two specimens for rubella, they should be tested ______________.

how long are EIA rubella specimens good for if refigerated at 2-8^oC?

if delays for more than 72 hours are expected in EIA rubella testing they should be stored at what temperature?

TORCH is an acronym for what four infectious diseases?

true or flase
torch disease cannot cause illness in pregnant women or cannnot cause birth defects in the newborn
True False

what is the testing method for TORCH?

TORCH testing screens for the presence of __________ to any of the infections.

the presence of ____ or ____ in TORCH indicates a recent or current infection.