-
Smallest concentration of inhalational agent at which 50% of patients will not move with incision
MAC (minimum alveolar concentration)
-
Side effects of inhalational agents (3)
Myocardial depression, inc cerebral blood flow, dec renal blood flow
-
Inhalational agent that is fast-acting, with minimal myocardial depression
Nitrous oxide
-
Inhalational agent that is slow-acting, with the highest degree of cardiac depression and arrhythmias
Halothane
-
Inhalational agent that can cause seizures
Enflurane
-
Inhalational agent that is good for neurosurgery (less inc in cerebral blood flow?)
Isoflurane
-
Inhalational agent that has less myocardial depression, fast-acting, with less laryngospasm
Sevoflurane
-
Induction agent that is fast-acting, with dec cerebral blood flow and dec BP
Sodium thiopental
-
Induction agent with very rapid distribution and on/off; causes amnesia, hypotension
Propofol
-
Induction agent causing dissociation of thalamic and limbic system; causes cataleptic state
Ketamine
-
Induction agent with few hemodynamic changes; fast-acting. Good in trauma
Etomidate
-
Reasons for Rapid Sequence Intubation (5)
Recent PO intake, GERD, delayed gastric emptying, pregnancy, bowel obstruction
-
Last muscle to go down and first to recover after paralytics
Diaphragm
-
First muscle to go down and last to recover after paralytics
Neck muscles and face
-
Depolarizing agent causing fasciculations, inc ICP
Succinylcholine
-
Treatment for malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
-
First symptoms of malignant hyperthermia
Increased end-tidal CO2
-
Do not use succinylcholine in: (6)
Burn patients, neurologic injury, massive trauma, neuromuscular disorders, spinal core injury, acute renal failure
-
Paralytics that inhibit neuromuscular junction by competing with acetylcholine
Nondepolarizing agents
-
Nondepolarizing agent that undergoes Hoffman degradation and can be used in renal and liver failure
Cisatracurium
-
Nondepolarizing agent that is fast, short-acting, and degraded by plasma cholinesterases
Mivacurium
-
Nondepolarizing paralytic that is fast-onset, intermediate duration, and metabolized hepatically
Rocuronium
-
Nondepolarizing paralytic that is slow acting, long lasting, and metabolized renally
Pancuronium
-
Reversal agent that blocks acetylcholinesterase (2)
Neostigmine, edrophonium
-
Agent to give with reversal agent to counteract effects of generalized acetylcholine overdose
Atropine or glycopyrrolate
-
Amount of lidocaine that can be used subQ
0.5 cc/kg of 1% lidocaine
-
reason infected tissues are hard to anesthetize
acidosis
-
put in order from longest to shortest acting: lidocaine, bupivicaine, procaine
bupivicaine> lidocaine> procaine
-
side effects of local anesthetic
tremor, seizure, tinnitus, arrhythmias (CNS sx first, then cardiac)
-
amide or ester: lidocaine
amide
-
amide or ester: bupivicaine
amide
-
amide or ester: mepivicaine
amide
-
amide or ester: tetracaine
ester
-
amide or ester: procaine
ester
-
amide or ester: cocaine
ester
-
agents that act on mu receptors, cause profound analgesia and respiratory depression
narcotics
-
side offect of narcotic use in patients on MAOIs
hyperpyrexic coma
-
narcotic that decreases cough, causes constipation and histamine release
morphine
-
narcotic that can cause tremors, fasciculations, and convulsions
Demerol
-
Narcotic that simulates morphine but with less euphoria
Methadone
-
Narcotic with 80X strength of morphine, no histamine release
Fentanyl
-
Fast-acting narcotics with short half-lives (3)
Sufentanil, alfentanil, remifentanil
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