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An organism's fitness is measured by
the number of offspring it has
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There is a population of giraffes. Some have short necks, some have medium-length necks, and some have long necks. If the short-necked individuals are regularly eliminated from the population, this would be an example of
directional selection
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There are many kinds of animals in which males have characteristics that are clearly disadvantageous to them. Which of the following statements offers the best explanation for the retention of these disadvantageous characteristics?
Females may select males with the disadvantageous characteristics as mates over those males that lack the characteristics.
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Many kinds of disease-causing bacteria are resistant to the standard antibiotics that we use to control them. This is because
there is genetic variety within the species and those that already have genes for resistance are the ones that reproduce.
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There is a range of color in mice from black to brown to gray to white. In a region of white sand there is a black volcanic deposit. The white mice survive better on the white sand and the black mice survive better on the black volcanic deposit. This could be an example of
disruptive selection
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The invalid idea that traits gained during an organism's lifetime can be passed on to future generations is
the theory of acquired characteristics
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Which of the following is a common selective agent for natural selection?
competition for food and other resources
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New genes are introduced into a gene pool by
spontaneous mutations
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Characteristics gained during an individual's lifetime are
acquired
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The fittest organism in a population is the
organism that successfully produces the most offspring
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Under natural conditions without modern medicine, which of the following conditions has the LEAST impact on fitness?
Alzheimer disease, a neurological disorder that generally afflicts individuals over the age of 65
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Characteristics gained during an individual's lifetime are
acquired
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f a bacterium with the
ability to survive the effects of an antibiotic "pops up" in a
population, it most likely
resulted from spontaneous mutation.
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The idea that organisms with genetically determined
characteristics that make them better suited for the environment will have more
surviving offspring is
the theory of natural selection
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The fittest organism in a population is the
Organism that successfully produces the most offspring
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There is a population of giraffes. Some have short necks, some
have medium-length necks, and some have long necks. If the short-necked
individuals are regularly eliminated from the population, this would be an
example of
directional selection.
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Which of the following would constitute a species?
all the mallard ducks in the world
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Which of these factors would be involved in maintaining a
constant gene frequency in a population?
lack of migration
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The theory that evolution occurred slowly and that changes
accumulate over long time periods is
gradualism
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Which of the following would be an indication that evolutionary
change is occurring within a species?
Some alleles have been lost from the species.
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The idea that evolution occurs in spurts of rapid change
followed by long periods of little change is
punctuated equilibrium
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