PSY: Personality

• uniqueness; stability
• you are the same individual with the same traits; changes are due to environments and experiences

characteristics; they believe that we have everything at various levels

relatively stable personal characteristic that can be used to describe someone

group traits into smaller categories

variations in human personality could be best explained by a model that has sixteen variables (personality traits)

five factor model made by Costa and McCrae

• openness
• conscientiousness
• extraversion
• agreeableness
• neuroticism

- Freud

- unconscious, conscious, preconscious, nonconscious

- oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital

ID: pleasure principle, sex/ aggressive drives, anxiety

EGO: reality principle, balance, conscious reasoning, protects you from guilt

SUPEREGO: morality principle, must be perfect; parental and societal standards; conscience

Inferiority complex: Adler's idea that feelings of inferioriry develop from early childhood experineces of helplessness and incompetence

if you fail to strive for superiority, you have an inferiority complex

everything you do is to accomplish some goal

• said we have two unconsciouses
• 1) personal: deeprooted stuff we can't get to
• 2) collective: concept of a reservoir of inherited, universal experiences that all humans share; created by archetypes
• --> two examples: animus (masculine traits) and anima (feminine traits)

As people, we have to move in three different directions: toward people away from people, and against people

• IF you don't have these, you have problems
•  feelings of helplessness and insecurity= basic anxiety

• all people are born good
• all people have a drive towards growth
• all people have a unique perception of the world
• ultimate goal is self-actualization

idea o knowing yourself

1) when people view someone as only worthy under certain behaviors; the relationship is based on the condition of worth

2) Rogers' term for loving someone no matter what

UPR

congruence: when your self-evaluation matches other people's evaluations of you

empathy: you actually feel for the person

congruence: well-adjusted person

incongruence: when your self-evaluation doesn't match up with people's evaluation of you

from bottom to top:

• physiological 
• safety
• love/ belonging 
• esteem
• self-actualization

focus on what you have and feel blessed vs. you focus on what you don't have and want what you don't have

• belief that you can do something
• the higher it is, the more likely you'll be to reach your goals= the better and more stable your personality

• unstructured: like a conversation
• structred: list of questions

to watch/ being watched

have set of answers and are standardized questionnaires that require written responses

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2): a 500 + question test that is an example of objective test; testing to make sure/ see whether you do or do not have a mental disorder

aptitude: looking at someone's potential or readiness (ex: MCAT)

achievement: how much they know/ learn (ex: psych final)

do not have a specific set of answers; tap into the unconscious

1) The Rorschach Inkblot Test: presents a set of cards with abstract patterns; response evaluated

2) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): shows a series of black and white pictures and asks test taker to create a story related to each

3) Person-house-tree test: draw that