Microbiology exam VI B

What is meant by the term normal microbiota?

The competition for space and nutrients that occurs between different populations of microbes is known as __________.

Bacteria that possess structures such as fimbriae and glycocalyces are more likely to form which of the following?

A Gram-negative infection could be more serious due to the presence of which of the following in the Gram-negative cell wall?

The capsule of a bacterial cell __________.

John Snow contributed which of the following ideas to the science of microbiology?

Pasteurization of milk is designed to kill which of the following?

Biological vectors of diseases affecting humans are typically which of the following?

Portals of exit are __________.

A public water supply could be disinfected by all of the following antimicrobial control methods EXCEPT __________.

The fact that Neisseria gonorrhoeae produces fimbriae means that one would expect this bacterium to __________.

Etiology is the study of __________.

Capsules are an example of which of the following?

Which of the following would NOT be considered a communicable disease?

The growth of Staphylococcus aureus on human skin is an example of __________.

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a pathogen?

Most of the members of the resident microbiota are classified as __________.

Which portal of entry is associated with premature births? 

Why do many pathogens prefer the mucous membranes over the skin as a portal of entry?

The number of new cases of a disease in a given population during a given period of time is called __________.

Which of the following would be classified as a sign of a disease?

Which of the following affects the function of cells lining the gastrointestinal tract?

Which of the following types of bacterial toxins can be produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Which of the following is the most severe stage of an infectious disease?

Which of the following might be a source of a zoonosis?

Which of the following is associated with vector transmission?

A disease that develops rapidly and lasts a short time is called a(n) __________ disease.

All of the following are examples of noncommunicable diseases EXCEPT __________.

A disease that occurs more frequently than expected for a given population would be considered __________.

Koch's postulates are an important part of which of the following?

Which of the following virulence factors helps a bacteria establish colonies in a host? 

An infection caused by surgery or by the use of devices such as catheters is called a(n) __________ infection.

Which of the following is NOT an activity associated with public health agencies in their work to limit disease transmission?

T/F: Epidemiologists are concerned with the study of only infectious disease transmission.
True False

T/F:AIDS is considered to be an epidemic.
True False

T/F: Only infectious diseases can be classified according to their longevity or severity.
True False

T/F: Mechanical vectors typically introduce pathogens into a host by a bite.
True False

T/F: Fecal-oral infection is a common type of waterborne disease transmission.
True False

T/F: Introduction of a normal microbioata into an unusual site in the body is one way normal microbioata become opportunistic pathogens. 
True False

T/F: Direct contact transmission of a disease can occur within the same person
True False

T/F: Every stage of a disease can be infectious.
True False

T/F: Humans acquire zoonoses from animal reservoirs only when there is direct contact with animal fluids. 
True False

T/F: Pathogenic microbes are either completely virulent or completely avirulent.
True False

All of the following occur during the first exposure to an allergen in type I hypersensitivity reactions except __________.

Which of the following is not a manifestation of type I hypersensitivity?

Which of the following combinations can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Farmer’s lung is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis resulting from __________.

Which of the following is not an example of type IV hypersensitivity?

The immunoglobulin class that mediates type I hypersensitivity is __________.

When a surgeon conducts a cardiac bypass operation by transplanting a piece of vein from a patient’s leg to the same patient’s heart, this is __________.

Allergens cause which of the following types of hypersensitivity?

The major inflammatory mediator released by degranulating mast cells in type I hypersensitivity is __________.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is caused by antibodies against which major blood group antigen?

What accounts for the time-delayed nature of type IV hypersensitivity?

What do medical personnel administer to counteract various type I hypersensitivities?

A positive tuberculin skin test indicates that a patient not immunized against tuberculosis __________.

Which of the following plays a central role in mediating the response to the tuberculin test?

MHC is most directly involved in which of the following activities?

Which of the following classes of antibodies plays an important role in protecting the gastrointestinal tract?

The autoantibodies to platelets observed in systemic lupus erythematosus would be expected to cause which of the following?

Which of the following is the largest type of antibody molecule?

Which of the following is a chemical messenger secreted and used by immune cells in various immune responses?

Which of the following types of body cells possess MHC class I molecules?

Which of the following types of immune cells CANNOT produce the effects of allergy?

Farmer's lung is an example of which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT an example of type IV hypersensitivity?

The majority of grafts in humans are which of the following?

Which of the following events is NOT associated with a transfusion reaction?

Which of the following can result from a bone marrow transplant?

Which of the following is NOT a possible explanation of the causes of autoimmune diseases?

Which of the following autoimmune diseases does NOT result from a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

Which of the following is an example of a secondary immunodeficiency disease?

T/F: IgE is routinely found in the bloodstream.
True False

T/F: Epinephrine is a common treatment for type II hypersensitivity reactions.
True False

T/F: Type III hypersensitivity is also known as "complex hypersensitivity."
True False

T/F: Glomerulonephritis is an example of an autoimmune disease.
True False

T/F: Individuals who have been previously sensitized to tuberculin will exhibit a red swelling at the site of tuberculin exposure.
True False

T/F: Allergic contact dermatitis appears rapidly upon exposure to the allergen.
True False

T/F: Grafting of skin from one part of the body to cover a burn area is an example of an autograft.
True False

T/F: Some autoimmune diseases develop as a result of prior viral infections.
True False

All of the following are examples of type IV hypersensitivity EXCEPT __________.

A severe and potentially lethal result of some allergic reactions is a condition called __________ shock.

The term __________ refers to the mere presence of microbes in the body.