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Most common immune deficiency
Malnutrition
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Microflora of the stomach
Some GPC, some yeast
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Microflora of the proximal small bowel
10^5 bacteria, most GPCs
-
microflora of the distal small bowel
10^7 bacteria, GPC, GNR, GPRs
-
microflora of the colon
10^11 bacteria, some anaerobes, some GNRs, GPCs
-
most common class of organism in the GI tract
anaerobes
-
most common anaerobe in the colon
B. fragilis
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Most common aerobic bacteria in the colon
E. coli
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Most common bacteria causing gram-negative sepsis
E. coli
-
Factor released during sepsis that triggers complement and causes a coagulation cascade
Endotoxin
-
Metabolic derangement just prior to sepsis
Hyperglycemia
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Most common type of organism in an abscess
Anaerobe (in 90%)
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Risk of wound infection after a clean case
2%
-
risk of wound infection after a clean contaminated case
3-5%
-
risk of wound infection after a contaminated case
5-10%
-
risk of wound infection after a grossly contaminated case
30%
-
most common organism in surgical wound infections
S. aureus
-
Coag negative staph species
S. epidermidis
-
Exopolysaccharide matrix released by staph species
Exoslime
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Most common GNR in surgical infections
E. coli
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Most common anaerobe in surgical infections
B. fragilis
-
Number of bacteria needed for a wound infection
10^5
-
surgical infections that present <48h after procedure
injury to bowel with leak, invasive soft tissue infection (C. perfringens or beta-hemolytic strep)
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most common nonsurgical infection
UTI
-
Leading infectious cause of death after surgery
Nosocomial pneumonia
-
Most common organisms in ICU pneumonia
S. aureus, Pseudomonas
-
Most common organisms causing line infections
S. epidermidis, S. aureus, yeast
-
Amount of CFUs on a central line that constitutes infection
>15
-
common bacteria causing necrotizing soft tissue infection
beta hemolytic Strep A
-
common endotoxin of C. perfringens
alpha toxin
-
treatment of Strep A necrotizing infection
penicillin
-
findings on gram stain of C. perfringens necrotizing infection
GPRs without WBCs
-
Common symptoms of C. perfringens necrotizing infection
Gas gangrene, myonecrosis
-
Severe infection in perineal and scrotal region
Fourniers gangrene
-
Criteria for treating fungal infection (4)
Positive blood cx, 2 sites other than blood, 1 site + severe sx, endophthalmitis, prolonged bacterial abx without improvement
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�fungus� that causes pulmonary sx, abscesses in cervical, thoracic, and abdominal areas
actinomyces
-
�fungus� that causes pulmonary and CNS symptoms
Nocardia
-
Fungus that causes pulmonary sx; common in Mississippi and Ohio river valleys
Histoplasmosis
-
Fungus that causes CNS sx
Cryptococcus
-
Fungus that causes pulmonary sx; common in the southwest
Coccidiomycosis
-
Common inhalant of the respiratory tract
Candida
-
Bacteria common in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
E. coli (50%), Strep (30%), Klebsiella (10%)
-
Diagnostic criteria of SBP
PMNs >500/cc
-
Drug class used in short term prophylaxis for SBP
Floroquinolones
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Infection caused by an intra-abdominal source
Secondary bacterial peritonitis
-
Most common organisms in secondary bacterial peritonitis
B. fragilis, E. coli, enterococcus
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Timecourse for seroconversion after HIV exposure
6-12 wks
-
prophylaxis for HIV exposure; can decrease seroconversion
AZT, lamivudine
-
Most common intestinal infection in AIDS
CMV colitis
-
Most common site for lymphoma in AIDS patients
Stomach > rectum
-
Type of lymphoma common to AIDS patients
NHL B cell
-
Cause of UGI bleed in AIDS patient
Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma
-
Cause of LGI bleed in AIDS patient
CMV, HSV, bacterial
-
Normal CD4 count
800-1200
-
symptomatic CD4 count
300-400
-
CD4 count common for opportunistic infections
<200
-
percent of patients infected with HCV who become chronic carriers
80%
-
percent of patients with HCV who develop cirrhosis
15%
-
percent of patients with HCV who develop HCC
1-5%
-
treatment for brown recluse spider bites
dapsone, resection and graft for ulcers if applicable
-
cause of acute septic arthritis
Gonococcus, staph, H. influenzae, strep
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Common cause of diabetic foot infections
Mixed staph, GNRs, anaerobes
-
Treatment of diabetic foot infections
Broad spectrum (unasyn, zosyn)
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Treatment of septic arthritis
3rd gen cephalosporin, vancomycin until cultures return
-
most common organism in impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis, folliculitis
staph, strep
-
multiloculated furuncle
carbuncle
-
bacteria common in PD catheter infections
S. aureus, S. epidermis
-
Treatment of PD catheter infection
IP vancomycin, IP gentamycin, IP amphoteracin (for fungus)
-
Risk factors for sinusitis
NGTs, intubation, severe facial fractures
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