Lecture 16 Hematology

92% WAter

7% Plasma Proteins

1% Other Solutes

99.9% RBC

<0.1 Platelets

<0.1 WBC

Albumins

Fibrinogen

Globulins

Electrolytes

Organic Nutrients

Organic Waste

Neutroplils

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Eosinophils

Basophils

Immune cells

Phagocytes

Lymphocytes

Granulocytes

Engulf foreign particles


Macrophages

Monocytes

Neutrophils

Specific to immunity

Basophils

Eosinophils

Neutrophils

Cells commit to become one type of cell

*Controlled by cytokines

*Diff cytokines= different pathway

*Colony stimulting Factors - Interleukins

*TPO- Platelets

*EPO- RBC's

RELEASED BY CELLS IN BONE MARROW

• *Leukopoesis
•   -Cells can choose to replicate themselves

RELEASED BY LIVER

*Makes stem cells commit to produce thrombocytes

*Enhances production of megakaryocyte, which breaks apart and form platlelets.

* Released by kidney in response to hypoxia

*Cytokine/ Hormone  makes stem cell produce RBC

RBC: Plasma

*Measures exchange of gasses between lungs and capillaries.

*Transport gases

*Iron is absorbed in small intestine

*Bound to plasma carrier protein called TRANSFERRIN  

*Transferrin moves iron from blood to bone marrow.

Vascular spasm

Platelet plug formation

Coagulation

*Release of vasoconstrictive paracrines by damaged tissue

*Smooth muscle constricts -> reduce bloodflow

*Endothelial cells are exposed to collagen

• *Circulating platelets stick to collagen
•   -Platelet & Collagen Synthesis --> PAF
•     (Platelet activating factor)

• PAF
• 1) Positive feedback loop activates more platelets.
• 2) Starts thromboxane (vasoconstrictor that Inscreases vascular spasm)

• Increased platelet formation -> Temp platelet plug.
•    - Positive feedbakckloop is limited, and cant attach to healthy cells. 

1) Activation of Factor X enzyme (Released by damaged cells)

2) Prothrombin --> Thrombin (Via Factor X)

• Thrombin
• --Converts Fibrinogen --> Fibrin

• Fibrin
• --Makes up forming clot (insoluble)

•  |
•  --> Thrombin
•       *Activates Factor 13
•  |
•  --> Factor 13
•        * Crosslinks Fibrinogen on platelet plug,            making it insoluble.   Thicker/Stronger.

Anticoagulant protein Heparin

*Blocks platelet plug formation

*Inhibits release of thromboxane (Vasoconstrictor)

*Inhibits synthesis of Thrombin and other clotting factors.