Ch. 15 Substance Abuse, Addiction, and Dependency

the use of drugs to the point of causing risk or harm, either legal risk or the risk of harming oneself and others

a condition that develops from abusing a drug that forms a chemical dependency

the development of a persistent, sometimes overpowering psychological need for a drug

occasional drug use motivated by curiosity

drug use primarily to relax and have fun at parties

drug use to produce a desired psychological mood

daily drug use

drug use motivated by physical addiction or psychological dependency

a class of opiate-based drugs that depresses the central nervous system and thus relieves pain and induces sleep; in large doses, produces unconsciousness, stupor, coma, and possibly death; most are habit forming

chemicals similar to narcotics that are produced by the body and cause euphoria and depress pain

agents that produce a temporary increase in the functioning of the body

a neurotransmitter whose effects are enhanced by stimulants

a neurotransmitter that is chemically similar to the hallucinogens

a behavioral disorder characterized by impulsivity, an inability to pay attention, and an inability to sit still

a class of drugs that works by slowing the functioning of the central nervous system (alcohol, inhalants)

an inhibitory neurotransmitter; depressants increase its effectiveness

collectively, ecstasy, rohypnol, GHB, and ketamine; they are part of the rave scene and are used in bars

a class of drugs that acts on the central nervous system to alter perception and states of consciousness, causing hallucinations; so-called psychedelic drugs

the active ingredient in marijuana

a part of the brain involved with learning, memory, and motivation

an approach that uses a 12-step model and peer support to help people stop abusing alcohol

an approach that uses modeling, reinforcement, and situational inducement to alter behavior

an approach to helping adolescents in which the emphasis is on enhancing family communication and improving family relationships

treatment in a residential situation with others who have similar problems; includes individual and group therapy and skills training

the consumption of five or more drinks within a two-hour period

an often fatal disease of the liver caused by heavy and chronic alcohol consumption

the cerebral lobe that is the center for higher-order thinking, such as planning and impulse control

a part of the brain that controls balance, coordination, and learning

excessive use of alcohol so that functioning is impaired

chemical dependency on alcohol accompanied by compulsive and excessive drinking